Table 3.
Annual changes in the clinical and microbiological characteristics of 147 patients with community-onset infection.
| Characteristic | Number of patients (%) | Annual change | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | p value | ||
| Age (year), median (IQR) | 65 (54–73) | NA | NA |
| Male | 92 (62.6) | NA | NA |
| Underlying disease | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 61 (41.5) | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) | 0.81 |
| Solid tumor | 48 (32.7) | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) | 0.67 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 18 (12.2) | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) | 0.47 |
| End state renal disease | 27 (18.4) | 0.96 (0.85–1.09) | 0.54 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 0.04* | 0.56 |
| APACHE II, median (IQR) | 15 (11–19) | 0.01* | 0.97 |
| Pitt bacteremia score, median (IQR) | 0 (0–2) | 0.01* | 0.86 |
| Septic shock | 13 (8.8) | 0.92 (0.77–1.10) | 0.34 |
| Central venous catheter | 22 (15.0) | 1.03 (0.89–1.18) | 0.72 |
| Prosthetic devicea | 37 (25.2) | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) | 0.43 |
| Characteristics of infection | |||
| CVC-related infection | 15 (10.2) | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | 0.41 |
| Primary bacteremia | 19 (12.9) | 1.08 (0.93–1.26) | 0.34 |
| Bone and joint infection | 22 (15.0) | 0.96 (0.84–1.10) | 0.54 |
| Skin and soft tissue | 22 (15.0) | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 0.44 |
| Pneumonia | 14 (9.5) | 1.08 (0.93–1.26) | 0.34 |
| Infective endocarditis | 10 (6.8) | 0.94 (0.77–1.15) | 0.55 |
| Metastatic infection | 36 (24.5) | 0.89 (0.80–0.99) | 0.04 |
| Persistent bacteremia (≥ 3 d) | 69 (46.9) | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | 0.14 |
| Recurrent bacteremia within 12 weeks | 9 (6.1) | 0.64 (0.47–0.87) | 0.01 |
| 30-d mortality | 15 (10.2) | 1.10 (0.93–1.32) | 0.27 |
| 12-week mortality | 29 (19.7) | 1.00 (0.89–1.12) | 0.95 |
| Infection-attributable mortality | 21 (14.3) | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) | 0.49 |
| In-hospital crude mortality | 15 (10.2) | 1.08 (0.91–1.28) | 0.39 |
| Vancomycin MIC (BMD), mean ± SD (mg/L) | 1.10 ± 0.02 | − 0.01*b | 0.06 |
| agr dysfunction | 18 (12.2) | 0.99 (0.85–1.15) | 0.85 |
| SCCmec type | |||
| SCCmec IV | 147 (100.0) | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) | > 0.99 |
| SCCmec IVa | 129/147 (87.8) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.81 |
| spa type | |||
| t324 | 67 (45.6) | 0.96 (0.89–1.04) | 0.35 |
| t664 | 20 (13.6) | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | 0.90 |
| t148 | 19 (12.9) | 0.99 (0.86–1.15) | 0.93 |
| Others | 25 (17.0) | NA | NA |
| Antibiotic resistance | |||
| Amoxicillin/Clavulanate | 139 (94.6) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 0.97 |
| Clindamycin | 27 (18.4) | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | 0.86 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 10 (6.8) | 1.06 (0.86–1.30) | 0.60 |
| Erythromycin | 38 (25.9) | 0.87 (0.78–0.96) | 0.01 |
| Fusidic acid | 1 (0.7) | NA | NA |
| Gentamicin | 25 (17.0) | 0.92 (0.81–1.10) | 0.23 |
| Rifampin | 3 (2.0) | 1.24 (0.80–1.93) | 0.34 |
| Quinupristin/Dalfopristin | 0 | NA | NA |
| TMP/SMX | 1 (0.7) | NA | NA |
| Tetracycline | 4 (2.7) | 1.02 (0.74–1.41) | 0.91 |
*A linear regression model was used for analysis.
aProsthetic device included orthopedic devices (8 patients), cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (1 patients), prosthetic valves (5 patients), and vascular grafts (24 patients) in patients with persistent bacteremia.
bResult of linear regression: R2 = 0.025, vancomycin MIC = 22.07 + (− 0.01) × year.