Table 2.

Summary of the explanatory power (i.e. % of deviance explained) of the Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) fit to model the global gradients cubic-transformed abundance (ind m³) as a function of the ten environmental covariates selected, measured for the zooplankton groups and for the plankton nets that sampled enough stations (> 30) and enough individuals (> 20) per group.

Group (abundance)	Net	First term	Deviance explained (%)	Significant smooth terms (p < 0.05)	Cluster (PAM based on DTW)—only for models with Deviance > 40%
Zooplankton	WP2	Oxygen	0.67	Oxygen, MLD, Nitrates, Chlorophylla, %Nano	4
		Temperature	0.26	Salinity, MLD, Chlorophylla
	Bongo	Oxygen	0.40	Oxygen, bbp470, %Micro	2
		Temperature	0.38	Temperature, bbp470, %Micro
	Régent	Oxygen	0.87	Oxygen, PAR, Nitrates, Chlorophylla, %Nano, Distance to coast	1
		Temperature	0.81	Temperature, Nitrates, %Micro, %Nano
Copepoda	WP2	Oxygen	0.67	Oxygen, MLD, Nitrates, Chlorophylla, %Nano	4
		Temperature	0.30	MLD, Chlorophylla
	Bongo	Oxygen	0.41	Oxygen, bbp470, %Micro	2
		Temperature	0.38	Temperature, bbp470, %Micro
	Régent	Oxygen	0.88	Oxygen, Nitrates, Chlorophylla, %Micro, %Nano, Distance to coast	1
		Temperature	0.86	Temperature, Nitrates, %Micro, %Nano, Distance to coast
Rhizaria	WP2	Oxygen	0.32	Oxygen, Salinity, Nitrates	–
		Temperature	0.32	Temperature, Salinity, Nitrates	–
	Bongo	Oxygen	0.49	Oxygen, Nitrates	2
		Temperature	0.48	Nitrates
	Régent	Oxygen	0.44	Oxygen, MLD, PAR, bbp470, %Micro	2
		Temperature	0.44	Temperature, PAR, bbp470, %Micro
Cnidaria	WP2	Oxygen	0.35	Nitrates, Chlorophylla	–
		Temperature	0.35	Nitrates, Chlorophylla	–
	Bongo	Oxygen	0.41	Salinity, MLD, Nitrates	2
		Temperature	0.39	Salinity, MLD, Nitrates
	Régent	Oxygen	0.21	Distance to coast	–
		Temperature	0.18	Distance to coast	–
Tunicata	WP2	Oxygen	0.40	Oxygen, MLD, Nitrates	3
		Temperature	0.38	Temperature, Nitrates
	Bongo	Oxygen	0.57	MLD, Nitrates, Chlorophylla	2
		Temperature	0.57	MLD, Nitrates, Chlorophylla
	Régent	Oxygen	0.22	–	–
		Temperature	0.22	–	–
Eumalacostraca	WP2	Oxygen	0.16	Salinity	–
		Temperature	0.16	Salinity	–
	Bongo	Oxygen	0.24	Nitrates	–
		Temperature	0.24	Nitrates	–
	Régent	Oxygen	0.42	Chlorophylla, %Micro, Distance to coast	2
		Temperature	0.41	Temperature, Chlorophylla
Pteropoda	WP2	Oxygen	0.33	Oxygen, Nitrates, Chlorophylla, Distance to coast	–
		Temperature	0.32	Temperature, Nitrates, Chlorophylla, Distance to coast	–
	Bongo	Oxygen	0.29	Oxygen, Chlorophylla	–
		Temperature	0.28	Temperature, Chlorophylla	–
	Régent	Oxygen	0.29	%Micro	–
		Temperature	0.27	%Micro	–
Chaetognatha	WP2	Oxygen	0.52	Oxygen, PAR, Chlorophylla, %Nano	2
		Temperature	0.19	Nitrates, %Nano
	Bongo	Oxygen	0.46	Oxygen, Nitrates, bbp470	2
		Temperature	0.27	bbp470, Chlorophylla
	Régent	Oxygen	0.43	Nitrates, bbp470, Chlorophylla, %Micro, Distance to coast	2
		Temperature	0.44	Nitrates, bbp470, Chlorophylla, %Micro, Distance to coast
Calanoida	WP2	Oxygen	0.69	Oxygen, MLD, Chlorophylla, %Micro, %Nano	4
		Temperature	0.35	MLD, Chlorophylla, %Micro
	Bongo	Oxygen	0.38	Oxygen, bbp470, %Micro	–
		Temperature	0.37	Temperature, bbp470, %Micro	–
	Régent	Oxygen	0.88	Oxygen, Nitrates, Chlorophylla, %Micro, %Nano, Distance to coast	1
		Temperature	0.86	Temperature, Nitrates, %Micro, %Nano
Poecilostomatoida	WP2	Oxygen	0.53	Oxygen, MLD, Nitrates, Chlorophylla	3
		Temperature	0.51	Temperature, MLD, PAR, Nitrates, Chlorophylla
	Bongo	Oxygen	0.65	Oxygen, Salinity, MLD, Nitrates	3
		Temperature	0.66	Temperature, Salinity, MLD, Nitrates
	Régent	Oxygen	0.60	Oxygen, PAR, Distance to coast	2
		Temperature	0.65	Temperature, Salinity, PAR, Distance to coast
Cyclopoida	WP2	Oxygen	0.64	Oxygen, MLD, PAR, bbp470, Chlorophylla, %Nano	2
		Temperature	0.49	MLD, PAR
	Bongo	Oxygen	0.45	Salinity, Nitrates, %Nano	2
		Temperature	0.64	Salinity, Nitrates, bbp470, %Nano
	Régent	Oxygen	0.62	Oxygen, PAR, %Micro	2
		Temperature	0.31	bbp470

The significant covariates (p < 0.05) were ranked based on their relative F statistic and are shown. The GAMs displaying a % of deviance explained > 40% were clustered into five groups based on the shape of the smoothing curves of each covariate (Fig. S11).