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. 2021 Jul 20;53(7):1170–1179. doi: 10.1038/s12276-021-00652-5

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© The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2022

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Fig. 2 — The concentrations of S100A9 released from SAECs a treated with LPS or b cocultured with human peripheral granulocytes. c The effects of S100A9 on the production of IL-8 in SAECs. d The time-dependent phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and NF-κB in cells stimulated with S100A9. f Time-dependent changes in tight junction protein levels and the phosphorylation of Smad 3 in SAECs stimulated by S100A9. e, g Representative intracellular expression data in at least three independent experiments. The data are presented as the means ± SD. *P < 0.050, **P < 0.010, ***P < 0.001 were obtained by one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test. ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Eos eosinophils, LPS lipopolysaccharide, NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B, Neu neutrophils, S100A9 S100 calcium-binding protein A9, SAEC small airway epithelial cell.