Table 1.
Differences in sources of information among sociodemographic variables.
| Variables Mean ranks (Median) | N | Newspapers | TV | Radio | Websites | Social media | Personal doctors | Other health care professionals | Government | Family and friends | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gendera | Females | 1,325 | 760.50 (1) | 783.50 (3) | 770.71 (1) | 786.36 (4) | 805.08 (4) | 778.49 (1) | 793.33 (2) | 800.14 (4) | 811.62 (3) |
| Males | 260 | 845.47 (2) | 771.28 (3) | 790.92 (1) | 781.14 (4) | 706.78 (4) | 766.35 (1) | 712.16 (2) | 716.70 (3) | 644.85 (3) | |
| U | 146759.00 | 164551.00 | 158906.00 | 168644.00 | 148937.50 | 162269.00 | 149416.00 | 151038.50 | 131796.0 | ||
| Signif. | 0.000*** | 0.068 | 0.043* | 0.84 | 0.000*** | 0.639 | 0.006** | 0.004** | 0.000*** | ||
| Age groupb | 18–24 yrs. old | 608 | 661.59 (1) | 737.66 (2) | 695.27 (1) | 777.50 (4) | 909.54 (4) | 690.48 (1) | 737.64 (2) | 860.88 (4) | 941.67 (4) |
| 25–34 yrs. old | 345 | 730.89 (1) | 731.59 (2) | 751.27 (1) | 793.85 (4) | 784.56 (4) | 813.88 (1) | 819.04 (2) | 779.83 (3.5) | 722.17 (3) | |
| 35–44 yrs. old | 389 | 875.82 (2) | 826.43 (3) | 844.48 (1) | 806.50 (4) | 727.42 (4) | 846.90 (1) | 802.88 (2) | 738.78 (3) | 713.15 (3) | |
| +45 yrs. old | 243 | 964.04 (2) | 891.20 (3) | 894.31 (1) | 760.02 (4) | 591.86 (3) | 828.19 (1) | 793.81 (2) | 686.47 (3) | 590.35 (3) | |
| H (3) | 128.04 | 29.79 | 65.01 | 2.42 | 129.54 | 52.15 | 9.97 | 37.62 | 145.48 | ||
| Signif. | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | 0.491 | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | 0.019* | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | ||
| Educationa | Primary to high school | 452 | 672.54 (1) | 746.24 (2) | 711.41(1) | 758.51(4) | 905.50 (4) | 699.26 (1) | 700.72 (2) | 832.32 (4) | 939.39 (4) |
| University degree | 1,133 | 814.86 (1) | 795.37 (3) | 798.88 (1) | 796.18(4) | 742.63 (4) | 807.06 (1) | 811.17 (2) | 768.35 (3) | 722.93 (3) | |
| U | 198666.5 | 231629.0 | 216000.0 | 238301.0 | 200926.5 | 210654.0 | 211297.5 | 230662.000 | 181125.0 | ||
| Signif. | 0.000*** | 0.045* | 0.000*** | 0.093 | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | 0.006** | 0.000*** | ||
| Citizenshipa | UAE | 1,023 | 683.61 (1) | 767.11 (3) | 729.21 (1) | 787.08 (4) | 874.93 (4) | 740.47 (1) | 766.12 (2) | 831.85 (4) | 864.62 (3) |
| Non-UAE | 562 | 937.57 (2) | 807.61 (3) | 854.74 (1) | 782.63 (4) | 632.95 (3) | 841.22 (1) | 804.84 (2) | 703.87 (3) | 638.66 (3) | |
| U | 184996.0 | 264954.0 | 230049.5 | 280744.5 | 197370.5 | 240746.0 | 265616.5 | 236652.0 | 200250.0 | ||
| Signif. | 0.000*** | 0.078 | 0.000*** | 0.833 | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | 0.088 | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | ||
a
Mann-Whitney test.
b
Kruskal-Wallis test.
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001.