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Detection of PLCζ1 expression in cases with TFF after conventional AOA. In the case of the normal male control, the signals of PLCζ1 (labeled by Cy3, red) overlapped with the outer acrosomal membrane marker PNA (labeled by FITC, green) almost completely. The localization and morphology of PLCζ1 and PNA in Cases 2 and 6 were in accordance with the normal control. The nuclei of the sperms were stained by Hoechst-33342 (blue). Scale bars = 50 μm.
