TABLE 1.
The clinical characteristics of the enrolled cases.
| Age (female/male) | Type of infertility | Infertility Duration (year) | Causes of infertility | IVF/ICSI cycle | Stimulation protocol | No. of oocytes retrieved | No. of MII oocytes | No. of fertilized oocytes | TFF causes 1 | |
| Case 1 | 27/30 | Primary | 2 | oligoasthenot spermia | ICSI | agonist | 19 | 15 | 1 | Paternal |
| ICSI-AOA | agonist | 21 | 19 | 0 | ||||||
| Case 2 | 27/28 | Primary | 4 | unexplained | IVF | agonist | 11 | 10 | 0 | Paternal |
| ICSI | agonist | 8 | 6 | 0 | ||||||
| ICSI-AOA | luteal-phase stimulation | 13 | 10 | 1 | ||||||
| Case 3 | 32/32 | Primary | 8 | unexplained | IVF + ICSI | agonist | 16 | (7 + 8)3 | 0 | Paternal |
| ICSI-AOA | agonist | 11 | 7 | 1 | ||||||
| Case 4 | 30/31 | Primary | 6 | unexplained | RICSI | agonist | 11 | 10 | 1 | Paternal |
| ICSI-AOA | agonist | 7 | 7 | 0 | ||||||
| Case 5 | 30/33 | Primary | 5 | unexplained | RICSI | agonist | 5 | 5 | 0 | Paternal |
| ICSI | agonist | 4 | 4 | 0 | ||||||
| ICSI-AOA2 | 7 | 1 | ||||||||
| Case 6 | 27/35 | Primary | 8 | unexplained | IVF | agonist | 15 | 13 | 0 | Maternal |
| ICSI + ICSI-AOA | Antagonist | 27 | (7 + 7 + 8)4 | 0 |
TFF, total fertilization failure. RICSI, rescue ICSI was performed 4–6 h after conventional IVF. ICSI-AOA, ICSI with conventional assisted oocyte activation using Ca2+-ionophore A23187. 1TFF causes were identified by oocyte activation test (OAT). 2The oocytes for ICSI-AOA were donated IVM oocytes. 3Seven oocytes for IVF and eight for ICSI. 4Seven oocytes for ICSI, seven for ICSI-AOA, and the other eight oocytes for cryopreservation.