Table 1.
Summary of published hand-crafted radiomics and deep learning studies on gastric cancer imaging.
| No. | Authors | Year | Study objectives | Study design | No. of patients | Imaging Modality | Radiomics/Deep learning | Statistical analysis (feature selection and modelling) | Segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ba-Ssalamah et al. (9) | 2013 | Gastric tumors differentiation prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 48 | CT | Radiomics | LDA+kNN | Manual |
| 2 | Sung Hyun Yoon et al. (10) | 2016 | HER2-positive and survival prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 26 | CT | Radiomics | NA | Manual |
| 3 | Zelan Ma et al. (11) | 2017 | Gastric cancer and lymphoma differentiation | Retrospective, Single-center | 70 | CT | Radiomics | LASSO | Manual |
| 4 | Song Liu et al. (12) | 2017 | T and N staging prediction | Prospective, Single-center |
80 | MRI | Radiomics | ICC | Manual |
| 5 | Francesco Giganti et al. (13) | 2017 | Therapy response prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 34 | CT | Radiomics | RF,LOOCV, Univariate analysis, Multivariate analysis | Manual |
| 6 | Shunli Liu et al. (14) | 2017 | Differentiation degree and Lauren classification prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 107 | CT | Radiomics | ICC | Manual |
| 7 | Yujuan Zhang et al. (15) | 2017 | Histological differentiation prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 78 | MRI | Radiomics | AOV, Spearman correlation analysis | Manual |
| 8 | Song Liu et al. (16) | 2017 | Nodal status prediction | Prospective, Single-center | 87 | MRI | Radiomics | Spearman correlation test, ICC | Manual |
| 9 | Song Liu et al. (17) | 2017 | Aggressiveness assessment | Retrospective, Single-center | 64 | MRI | Radiomics | Spearman correlation test | Manual |
| 10 | Francesco Giganti et al. (18) | 2017 | Association investigation between preoperative texture and OS | Retrospective, Single-center | 56 | CT | Radiomics | RSF ,Cox | Manual |
| 11 | Zhenhui Li et al. (19) | 2018 | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy response prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 47 | CT | Radiomics | RF, NB, KNN, NNET, SVM, LDA, LASSO | Manual |
| 12 | Yuming Jiang et al. (20) | 2018 | Chemotherapy response and survival prediction | Retrospective, Multi-center | 1591 | CT | Radiomics | LASSO-Cox | Manual |
| 13 | Remy KlaassenI et al. (21) | 2018 | Treatment response prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 196 | CT | Radiomics | RF, Pearson correlation | Manual |
| 14 | Zhen Hou et al. (22) | 2018 | Treatment response prediction | retrospective, Single-center | 43 | MRI | Radiomics | ICC, ACC, KNN, ANN | Manual |
| 15 | Yuming Jiang et al. (23) | 2018 | Survival and chemotherapy benefit prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 214 | PET/CT | Radiomics | LASSO-Cox | Manual |
| 16 | Yuan Gao et al. (24) | 2019 | Metastatic lymph nodes prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 602 | CT | Deep Learning | FR-CNN | Manual |
| 17 | Qiong Li et al. (25) | 2019 | Adverse histopathological status prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 554 | CT | Radiomics | LASSO | Semiautomatic |
| 18 | Wujie Chen et al. (26) | 2019 | Metastatic lymph nodes prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 146 | MRI | Radiomics | LASSO, LVQ | Manual |
| 19 | Yumin Jiang et al. (27) | 2019 | pN stage Prediction | Retrospective, Multi-center | 1689 | CT | Radiomics | LASSO | Manual |
| 20 | Qiu-Xia Feng et al. (28) | 2019 | Metastatic lymph nodes prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 490 | CT | Radiomics | SVM | Manual |
| 21 | Yue Wang et al. (29) | 2019 | Tumor invasion prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 244 | CT | Radiomics | ICC, RF | Semiautomatic |
| 22 | Wuchao Li et al. (30) | 2019 | OS prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 181 | CT | Radiomics | ICC, LASSO-Cox | Manual |
| 23 | Xujie Gao et al. (31) | 2020 | Metastatic lymph nodes prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 463 | CT | Radiomics | ICC, LASSO | Manual |
| 24 | Di Dong et al. (32) | 2020 | Prediction of the number of lymph nodes metastasis | Retrospective, Multi-center | 679 | CT | Radiomics, Deep learning | SVM, ANN, RF, DLRN | Manual |
| 25 | Xujie Gao et al. (33) | 2020 | Tumor-infiltrating Treg cells and outcome prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 165 | CT | Radiomics | ICC, LASSO | Manual |
| 26 | Xiaofeng Chen et al. (34) | 2020 | Lymphovascular invasion and clinical outcome prediction | Retrospective, Single-Center | 160 | CT | Radiomics | ICC, SPM, LASSO | Manual |
| 27 | Na Wang et al. (35) | 2020 | HER2 over-expression status prediction | Retrospective, Single-Center | 460 | CT | Radiomics | ICC, Logistic | Manual |
| 28 | Xujie Gao et al. (36) | 2020 | Metastatic lymph nodes prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 768 | CT | Radiomics | ICC, LASSO | Manual |
| 29 | Jing Li et al. (37) | 2020 | Lymph node metastasis risk prediction | Retrospective, Single-Center | 204 | CT | Radiomics, Deep Learning | ICC, ANN, KNN, RF, SVM | Manual |
| 30 | Yue Wang et al. (38) | 2020 | Lymph node metastasis prediction | Retrospective, Single-Center | 247 | CT | Radiomics | ICC, RF | Semiautomatic |
| 31 | Yue Wang et al. (39) | 2020 | Intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinomas distinction | Retrospective, Single-Center | 187 | CT | Radiomics | ICC, RF | Semiautomatic |
| 32 | Shunli Liu et al. (40) | 2020 | Occult peritoneal metastasis prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 233 | CT | Radiomics | ICC, ACC, multivariate logistic regression | Manual |
| 33 | Aytul Hande Yardimci et al. (41) | 2020 | T and N stages and tumor grade prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 114 | CT | Radiomics | ICC, LDA | Manual |
| 34 | Jing Yang et al. (42) | 2020 | Lymph node metastasis prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 170 | CT | Radiomics | Pearson correlation analysis ,SFFS, logistic | Manual |
| 35 | Kai-YuSun et al. (43) | 2020 | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy response and survival prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 106 | CT | Radiomics | SVM, PCA, Cox | Manual |
| 36 | Xiaofeng Chen et al. (34) | 2020 | Lymphovascular invasion and outcome prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 160 | CT | Radiomics | ICC,SPM,LASSO | Manual |
| 37 | Wenjuan Zhang et al. (44) | 2020 | Early recurrence prediction | Retrospective, Multi-center | 669 | CT | Radiomics, Deep Learning | ICC, CV, DCNN | Manual |
| 38 | Yuming Jiang et al. (45) | 2020 | Tumor immune microenvironment and outcome prediction | Retrospective,Multi-center | 1778 | CT | Radiomics | Logistic | Manual |
| 39 | Liwen Zhang et al. (46) | 2020 | OS prediction | Retrospective, Multi-center | 518 | CT | Radiomics, Deep Learning | Cox | Manual |
| 40 | Xiao-Xiao Wang et al. (47) | 2020 | Lauren classification prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 539 | CT | Radiomics | LASSO, logistic regression | Manual |
| 41 | Bao Feng et al. (48) | 2021 | Primary gastric lymphoma and Borrmann type IV gastric cancer differentiation | Retrospective, Multi-center | 189 | CT | Radiomics, Deep Learning | U-net based DL model, ICC, LASSO logistic regression | Automated |
| 42 | Yi-Wen Sun et al. (49) | 2021 | Gastric cancer and gastric lymphoma differentiation | Retrospective, Single-center | 79 | PET/CT | Radiomics | NA | Manual |
| 43 | Rui Wang et al. (50) | 2021 | Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas and gastric adenocarcinomas differentiation | Retrospective, Single-center | 63 | CT | Radiomics | LASSO | Manual |
| 44 | Rui-Jia Sun et al. (51) | 2021 | Serosa invasion evaluation | Retrospective, Single-center | 572 | CT | Deep Learning | ICC, LASSO,DCNNs | Manual |
| 45 | Xiang Wang et al. (23) | 2021 | Prognosis prediction | Retrospective, Single-center | 243 | CT | Radiomics | multivariate COX regression analysis, LASSO | Manual |
| 46 | Yuming Jiang et al. (52) | 2021 | Occult peritoneal metastasis prediction | Retrospective, Multi-center | 1225 | CT | Deep Learning | PMetNet | Manual |
| 47 | Siwen Wang et al. (53) | 2021 | Disease-free survival prediction | Retrospective, Multi-center | 353 | CT | Radiomics | LASSO, multivariate Cox regression | Manual |
LDA, Linear Discriminant Analysis; knn, k-Nearest Neighbors; NA, Not Available; LASSO, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator; ICC, Intra-class Correlation Coefficient; RF, Random Forest; LOOCV, Leave One Out Cross Validation; AOV, Analysis Of Variance; NB, Naive Bayes; NNET, Neural Networks; SVM, Support Vector Machine; ACC, Absolute Correlation Coefficient; ANN, Artificial Neural Networks; FR-CNN, Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks; LVQ, Learning Vector Quantization; DLRN, Deep Learning Radiomic Nomogram; SPM, Spearman correlation analysis; SFFS, Sequential Forward Floating Selection; PCA, Principal Component Analysis; RSF, Random Survival Forest; DCNN, Deep Convolutional Neural Networks; pmetnet, Peritoneal Metastasis Network; OS, Overall Survival.