Table 2.
Commonly used manual engineered features in gastric cancer.
| No. | Shape- based 3D features (n=17) | Shape- based 2D features (n=10) | Histogram features (n=19) | Textural features (n=75) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) Features (n=24) | Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM) Features (n=16) | Gray Level Size Zone Matrix (GLSZM) Features (n=16) | Neighbouring Gray Tone Difference Matrix (NGTDM) Features (n=5) | Gray Level Dependence Matrix (GLDM) Features (n=14) | ||||
| 1 | Mesh Volume | Mesh Surface | Energy | Autocorrelation | Short Run Emphasis (SRE) | Small Area Emphasis (SAE) | coarseness | Small Dependence Emphasis (SDE) |
| 2 | Voxel Volume | Pixel Surface | Total Energy | Joint Average | Long Run Emphasis (LRE) | Large Area Emphasis (LAE) | contrast | Large Dependence Emphasis (LDE) |
| 3 | Surface Area | Perimeter | Entropy | Cluster Prominence | Gray Level Non-Uniformity (GLN) | Gray Level Non-Uniformity (GLN) | busyness | Gray Level Non-Uniformity (GLN) |
| 4 | Surface Area to Volume ratio | Perimeter to Surface ratio | Minimum | Cluster Shade | Gray Level Non-Uniformity Normalized (GLNN) | Gray Level Non-Uniformity Normalized (GLNN) | complexity | Dependence Non-Uniformity (DN) |
| 5 | Sphericity | Sphericity | 10th percentile | Cluster Tendency | Run Length Non-Uniformity (RLN) | Size-Zone Non-Uniformity (SZN) | strength | Dependence Non-Uniformity Normalized (DNN) |
| 6 | Compactness 1 | Spherical Disproportion | 90th percentile | Contrast | Run Length Non-Uniformity Normalized (RLNN) | Size-Zone Non-Uniformity Normalized (SZNN) | Gray Level Variance (GLV) | |
| 7 | Compactness 2 | Maximum 2D diameter | Maximum | Correlation | Run Percentage (RP) | Zone Percentage (ZP) | Dependence Variance (DV) | |
| 8 | Spherical Disproportion | Major Axis Length | Mean | Difference Average | Gray Level Variance (GLV) | Gray Level Variance (GLV) | Dependence Entropy (DE) | |
| 9 | Maximum 3D diameter | Minor Axis Length | Median | Difference Entropy | Run Variance (RV) | Zone Variance (ZV) | Low Gray Level Emphasis (LGLE) | |
| 10 | Maximum 2D diameter (Slice) | Elongation | Interquartile Range | Difference Variance | Run Entropy (RE) | Zone Entropy (ZE) | High Gray Level Emphasis (HGLE) | |
| 11 | Maximum 2D diameter (Column) | Range | Joint Energy | Low Gray Level Run Emphasis (LGLRE) | Low Gray Level Zone Emphasis (LGLZE) | Small Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis (SDLGLE) | ||
| 12 | Maximum 2D diameter (Row) | Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) | Joint Entropy | High Gray Level Run Emphasis (HGLRE) | High Gray Level Zone Emphasis (HGLZE) | Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis (SDHGLE) | ||
| 13 | Major Axis Length | Robust Mean Absolute Deviation (rMAD) | Informational Measure of Correlation (IMC) 1 | Short Run Low Gray Level Emphasis (SRLGLE) | Small Area Low Gray Level Emphasis (SALGLE) | Large Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis (LDLGLE) | ||
| 14 | Minor Axis Length | Root Mean Squared (RMS) | Informational Measure of Correlation (IMC) 2 | Short Run High Gray Level Emphasis (SRHGLE) | Small Area High Gray Level Emphasis (SAHGLE) | Large Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis (LDHGLE) | ||
| 15 | Least Axis Length | Standard Deviation | Inverse Difference Moment (IDM) | Long Run Low Gray Level Emphasis (LRLGLE) | Large Area Low Gray Level Emphasis (LALGLE) | |||
| 16 | Elongation | Skewness | Maximal Correlation Coefficient (MCC) | Long Run High Gray Level Emphasis (LRHGLE) | Large Area High Gray Level Emphasis (LAHGLE) | |||
| 17 | Flatness | Kurtosis | Inverse Difference Moment Normalized (IDMN) | |||||
| 18 | Variance | Inverse Difference (ID) | ||||||
| 19 | Uniformity | Inverse Difference Normalized (IDN) | ||||||
| 20 | Inverse Variance | |||||||
| 21 | Maximum Probability | |||||||
| 22 | Sum Average | |||||||
| 23 | Sum Entropy | |||||||
| 24 | Sum of Squares | |||||||