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. 2021 Jul 21;9:714169. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.714169

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Copyright © 2021 Hughes and Stockton.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Coupling increased differentiation of OPCs with increased survival and integration of preOLs may lead to more new oligodendrocytes. (A) A schematic representation of the remyelination process. Increasing the differentiation rate of OPCs (blue) results in a small increase in new oligodendrocyte formation (gray). Increasing the differentiation rate of OPCs and the survival and integration rate of preOLs (teal) has the potential to increase new oligodendrocyte formation (bottom pathway) more than increasing differentiation alone (middle pathway). (B) Modeling the potential increase in new oligodendrocyte formation in chronic MS lesions when coupling increased differentiation with increased preOL survival and integration. Chronic lesions contain around 44 OPCs/mm² (Kuhlmann et al., 2008) yet production of new oligodendrocytes is limited. The modeling represents the potential number of new myelinating oligodendrocytes/mm² at varying rates of differentiation and integration. These rates are pharmacologically-induced differentiation in vitro (Mei et al., 2014), and integration of Bax–/–Bak–/– oligodendrocytes in vitro (Kawai et al., 2009). Increasing the rate of preOL survival and integration in conjunction with increased OPC differentiation is predicted to result in substantially more new myelin forming oligodendrocytes in MS lesions.