Table 3.
Analyses of lifetime CACP history (n = 316).
| Cocaine-Associated Chest Pain (CACP) history | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis; n (%) (n = 316) | Multivariate analysis (n = 282) | |||||
|
CACP (n = 103) |
No CACP (n = 213) |
Test p-value | OR | OR 95%CI | p-value | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female Male |
25 (36.8%) 78 (31.5%) | 43 (63.2%) 170 (68.5%) |
Chi2 0.41 | 1.06 Ref |
0.54–2.04 Ref | 0.86 |
| Age (years); Mean (SD) | 36.0 years (±8.5) | 38.2 years (±8.7) | Student 0.034 | 0.97 | 0.94–1.01 | 0.17 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||
| <21.0 21.0–24.99 ≥25.0 Missing |
29 (36.3%) 46 (34.8%) 26 (27.7%) 2 |
51 (63.7%) 86 (65.2%) 68 (72.3%) 8 |
Chi2 0.41 | – | – | – |
| Frequency of cocaine use during the worst period | ||||||
| Daily 1–6 use by week Less than weekly |
72 (37.9%) 23 (29.5%) 8 (16.7%) |
118 (62.1%) 55 (70.5%) 40 (83.3%) |
Chi2 0.016 | 3.24 2.02 Ref |
1.29–9.33 0.70–6.47 Ref |
0.018 0.21 |
| Crack use | ||||||
| Yes No, cocaine hydrochloride only |
33 (37.5%) 70 (30.7%) |
55 (62.5%) 158 (69.3%) |
Chi2 0.25 | – | – | – |
| Preferred route of cocaine use | ||||||
| Smoked or/and intravenous Intranasal (sniffed) |
48 (39.7%) 55 (28.2%) |
73 (60.3%) 140 (71.8%) |
Chi2 0.035 | 2.33 Ref |
1.20–4.65 Ref | 0.014 |
| History of intravenous cocaine use | ||||||
| Yes No Missing |
35 (41.2%) 68 (29.6%) 0 |
50 (58.8%) 162 (70.4%) 1 |
Chi2 0.051 | – | – | – |
| Age of cocaine first use; Mean (SD) | 22.7 years (±5.9) | 23.7 years (±7.9) | Student 0.24 | – | – | – |
| Length of regular cocaine use (years) | 8.29 (±7.9) | 8.19 (±7.5) | Student 0.93 | 1.01 | 0.97–1.06 | 0.51 |
| Lifetime opioid use and opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) | ||||||
| OMT use Opioid use without OMT Never Missing |
46 (32.9%) 20 (27.8) 37 (35.9%) 0 |
94 (67.1%) 52 (72.2%) 66 (64.1%) 1 |
Chi2 0.53 | 0.35 0.49 Ref |
0.15–0.76 0.22–1.05 Ref |
9.0 × 10−3 0.072 |
| Lifetime initiation of cocaine and opioids use | ||||||
| Cocaine before opioid Opioid before cocaine or at the same time Missing |
57 (30.8%) 44 (34.9%) 2 |
128 (69.2%) 82 (65.1%) 3 |
Chi2 0.45 | – | – | – |
| Amphetamine use during the worst period | ||||||
| Daily use Non-daily use Never use Missing |
25 (44.6%) 46 (35.1%) 29 (23.4%) 3 |
31 (55.4%) 85 (64.9%) 95 (76.6%) 2 |
Chi2 0.012 | 2.77 2.12 Ref |
1.10–7.03 1.06–4.31 Ref |
0.030 0.039 |
| Age of amphetamine first use; Mean (SD) | 22.3 years (±6.1) | 22.1 years (±5.5) | Student 0.82 | – | – | – |
| Lifetime initiation of cocaine and amphetamine use | ||||||
| Cocaine before amphetamine Amphetamine before cocaine or at the same time Missing |
61 (28.8%) 39 (39.4%) 3 |
151 (71.2%) 60 (60.6%) 2 |
Chi2 0.062 | Ref 1.01 |
Ref 0.52–1.97 | 0.97 |
| Number of cigarette by day; Mean (SD) |
17.4 (13.4) | 15.1 (11.3) | Student 0.12 | – | – | – |
| Alcohol use | ||||||
| Dependence No dependence Missing |
67 (34.2%) 35 (30.7%) 1 |
129 (65.8%) 79 (69.3%) 5 |
Chi2 0.53 | 1.67 Ref |
0.94–3.00 Ref | 0.083 |
| Cannabis use | ||||||
| Dependence No dependence Missing |
68 (35.6%) 34 (28.1%) 1 |
123 (64.4%) 87 (71.9%) 3 |
Chi2 0.17 | – | – | – |