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. 2021 Jul 21;12:707711. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.707711

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Copyright © 2021 Zhou, Huang, Liu, Xu and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The regulation of FleS/FleR on biofilm formation is mediated by c-di-GMP. (A) Expression levels of cdrA were examined in the PAO1 wild type (WT), ΔfleS and ΔfleR mutants as well as the mutants with overexpression of a diguanylate cyclase gene siaD. The result is shown as relative cdrA expression compared to its wild-type level in PAO1. (B) Biofilm formation of the PAO1 wild type, ΔfleS and ΔfleR mutants as well as the mutants with overexpression of SiaD from PAO1 and W909_14945(14945) from D. zeae EC1. PDEs BifA from PAO1 and W909_14950(14950) from D. zeae EC1 serve as negative controls. (C) Examination of the effect of FleQ and other PilZ domain-containing proteins on biofilm formation in the presence of overexpressed SiaD. ***P < 0.001, n.s., no significance (Student’s t-test).