Table 1.

User needs, theoretical construct, conceptual intervention techniques, and app functionalities.

User needs and theoretical construct		Conceptual intervention techniques	App functionalities
Motivational needs
	Self-control	Let users set goals and encourage them to monitor their own behavior toward the achievement of these goals	Build a functional module named “My Goals”
	Self-efficacy	Let users start by setting small, progressive, and realistic goals	Provide some simple exemplar goals in “My Goals”
	Expectations	Let users know about the benefits of fitness for surgery	Provide an introductory video about the significance of fitness for surgery
	Expectancies	Allow users to track and monitor their own changes in weight, diet, and physical activity. Provide feedback and let users evaluate what they value	Build a functional module named “My Steps” to record the number of steps each day Build a functional module named “Surveys” and ask the users to complete these surveys Send different push notifications according to different responses for feedback
	Reinforcements	Let users recognize and praise their achievements by specifying rewards	Make a trophy pop out once a user achieves their goal
Educational needs
	Behavior capacity	Teach users how to self-manage diet, physical activity, mood, and medical conditions	Translate relevant educational information into push notifications and send them to the users
	Observational learning	Let users watch some actions and outcomes of others’ behavior	Provide an introductory video about how to achieve fitness for surgery
Supportive needs
	Reinforcements	Remind users to perform the behavioral change toward fitness for surgery Provide users with toolkits and resources that make the new behaviors easier to perform	Send push notifications Build a functional module named ”My Resources“