Schematic illustration of the workflow for MS-based discovery of lncRNA-encoded SEPs.A, construction of putative lncRNA-encoded SEPs. The lncRNA transcripts of human and mouse deposited in the NONCODE database were screened by ORFfinder and six-frame translation to find all possible ORFs and then assumed to represent putative SEPs. All SEPs with a length of 5 to 100 amino acids were collected into the human and mouse putative SEPs database. B, enrichment of lncRNA-encoded SEPs based on the combination of 30-kDa MWCO filter and C8 SPE column. C, MS-based identification of lncRNA-encoded SEPs. lncRNA, long noncoding RNA; MWCO, molecular weight cutoff; SEP, small ORF-encoded polypeptide; SPE, solid-phase extraction.