FIGURE 1.

Metformin altered the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells. (A) The cell proliferation of breast cancer cells determined by CCK‐8 assay. (B) Expression of Bax in cells with metformin treatment by Western blot analysis. Grayscale analysis for Western blot could be seen in Figure S4. (C) Apoptosis in the metformin‐treated cells was assessed by Annexin V/PI staining using flow cytometry. (D) Expression of apoptosis‐associated genes in metformin‐treated cells was analysed by qPCR (mean ± SEM of duplicate experiments). *P < .05 vs control, **P < .01 vs control and ***P < .001 vs control