Skip to main content
. 2020 Feb 28;2(2):100048. doi: 10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100048

Table 1.

Defined daily doses (DDD) per 100 hospital occupied bed-days (OBDs) in the consumption of antibacterials, before and after the implementation of AMSP, in the hospital and according to type of service


Antimicrobial classes		 Hospital
 P∗ overall ICU
 P∗ overall MS
 P∗ overall SS
 P∗ overall
Non AMSP
2008–12		 AMSP
2013–17		 Non AMSP
2008–12		 AMSP
2013–17		 Non AMSP
2008–12		 AMSP
2013–17		 Non AMSP
2008–12		 AMSP
2013–17
Penicillins 28.0 27.2 0.368 40.4 37.2 0.419 25.2 30.9 0.020 29.1 22.4 0.011
Cephalosporins 13.6 16.3 0.061 25.2 28.8 0.154 11.2 13.2 0.127 14.3 17.8 0.089
1st generation 1.67 3.39 0.013 1.08 0.65 0.234 0.16 0.41 0.523 3.36 6.40 0.052
2nd generation 3.12 1.10 0.152 0.47 0.08 0.032 1.09 0.75 0.243 5.30 1.45 0.032
3rd generation 6.34 9.76 0.001 8.54 19.0 <0.001 9.04 9.46 0.842 4.99 8.30 0.128
4th generation 2.47 2.07 0.126 15.08 9.12 0.001 2.61 2.57 0.745 0.67 0.61 0.375
Carbapenems 4.60 3.77 0.102 21.3 9.10 <0.001 3.12 3.73 0.346 3.83 3.08 0.090
Monobactam 0.05 0.08 0.355 0.01 0.09 0.257 0.05 0.13 0.239 0.05 0.03 0.551
Fluoroquinolones 11.0 10.0 0.272 12.1 4.14 <0.001 13.1 14.1 0.491 8.75 6.97 0.048
Macrolides 3.78 4.05 0.776 1.87 3.26 0.147 5.96 5.98 0.990 1.92 2.28 0.451
Aminoglycosides 3.06 2.95 0.745 6.39 6.45 0.976 2.67 2.51 0.755 3.08 2.93 0.694
Glycopeptides 1.96 1.54 0.546 1.98 3.13 0.126 2.70 1.15 0.034 1.26 1.72 0.576
Glicilcyclines 0.25 0.22 0.453 3.25 1.14 <0.001 0.02 0.06 0.001 0.10 0.26 0.003
Colistin 1.69 0.37 <0.001 17.88 2.67 <0.001 0.52 0.28 0.022 0.22 0.14 0.450
Oxazolidinones 0.87 0.97 0.485 7.55 2.70 <0.001 0.39 0.76 0.050 0.25 0.95 0.003
Sulfamides and trimethoprim 0.89 1.55 0.001 2.76 4.61 0.028 1.47 2.28 0.007 0.37 0.89 0.009
Lincosamides 1.10 1.07 0.821 0.71 1.32 0.140 0.48 0.92 0.010 1.78 1.34 0.098
Metronidazole 2.03 3.25 0.014 1.05 2.06 0.069 0.78 1.28 0.126 3.34 5.37 0.625
Tetraciclines 0.36 0.53 0.015 3.44 1.81 0.034 0.40 0.73 0.077 0.44 0.64 0.377
Lipoglycopeptides 0.53 1.28 0.015 4.17 4.44 0.876 0.35 1.16 0.023 0.24 0.96 0.001
Antipseudomonal antibioticsa 19.3 16.2 0.090 10.15 5.41 <0.001 3.21 3.28 0.852 2.10 1.93 0.572
Antimicroorganism resistant gram + antibioticsb 4.80 6.70 0.350 2.83 3.11 0.450 0.51 0.91 0.520 0.58 0.84 0.826

AMSP: antimicrobial stewardship program; ∗Statistical significance; ICU: intensive care unit; MS: medical services (internal medicine, cardiology, neurology, pneumology, digestology, rheumatology, nephrology, hematology and oncology); SS: surgical services (otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, traumatology and orthopedics, general surgery, vascular surgery, neurosurgery, gynecology and obstetrics, urology and maxillofacial surgery).

a

Piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, amikacin, colistin, fosfomycin, aztreonam.

b

Vancomycin, daptomycin, cotrimoxazole, tigecycline, doxycycline, linezolid, clindamycin.