Table 3.

Clinical test to detect ILFL injuries

Test	Position / Procedure	Sign
Prone instability	Prone; passive external rotation while the examiner applies an anteriorly directed force on the trochanter	Hip joint pain or sense of anterior instability
HEER/Anterior apprehension	Supine at the end of the table with affected leg hanging off and unaffected knee toward chest; passive hip extension and external rotation	Hip joint pain or sense of anterior instability
AB-HEER	Side lying on unaffected hip; passive hip abduction to 30°, extension 10° and external rotation to end range while an anteriorly directed force applied to trochanter	Hip joint pain or sense of anterior instability

Note. ILFL, iliofemoral ligament; AB-HEER, abduction–hyperextension–external rotation test; HEER, hyperextension–external rotation test.