Table 2.

Bacterial genera found to be significantly related to behavioural traits in this study compared with previous research findings extracted from Table 1. For genera significantly related to sociability in this study, it is most relevant to compare these findings to those from studies on sociability or autism (i.e. if genus abundance is higher in sociable individuals, it may be expected to be lower in autism). For genera related to neurotic tendencies it is most relevant to compare these findings to those from studies on stress and depression. Results from previous studies that are clearly in the opposite direction to the findings in this study are marked in brackets.

Genus	Change in abundance	Behavioural trait/psychiatric condition	Study subject	References
Akkermansia	↓	Autism	Children	[52]
	[↑]	Autism	Children	[53]
	↓	Stress	Mice	[54], [55]
	↑	Sociability	Adults	This study
Corynebacterium	[↑]	Autism	Children	[56]
	↓	Stress	Rats	[83]
	↓	Neurotic tendencies	Adults	This study
Desulfovibrio	↑	Autism	Children	[60], [80]
	↓	Sociability	Adults	This study
Lactococcus	↓	Autism	Children	[53], [60]
	↑	Sociability	Adults	This study
Oscillospira	↓	Autism	Children	[53]
	↑	Sociability	Mice	[94]
	↓	Stress	Mice	[55], [94], [95]
	↑	Sociability	Adults	This study
Streptococcus	↓	Autism	Children	[53], [60]
	[↑]	Depression	Adults	[82]
	↓	Neurotic tendencies	Adults	This study
Sutterella	↑	Autism	Children	[52], [65], [96], [97]
	[↓]	Autism	Children	[75]
	↑	Stress	Mice	[55]
	↓	Sociability	Adults	This study