Table 3.

Various biomarkers for CVD before (baseline) and after a 8-week ingestion of control or saury oil supplement

	Baseline (n=30)		Control oil (n=30)		Saury oil (n=30)
	Mean	SD/IQR	Mean	SD/IQR	Mean	SD/IQR
Clinical and laboratory values
hsCRP (mg/L)  (0 – 4.99)	2.4	0.5-3.0	1.4	0.4-2.2	1.6	0.3-2.3
AST (U/L)  (0 – 32)	21.9	13.8	20.6	6.2	20.9	6.3
ALT (U/L)  (0 – 33)	18.2	9.9	18	6.9	19.8	12.3
TSH (μlU/mL)  (0.27 – 4.20)	2.1	1.4	2.2	1.3	2.1	1.1
Uric Acid (mg/dL)  (2.4 – 5.8)	5.5	1.2	5.3	1.3	5.5	1.4
Creatinine (mg/dL)  (0.51 – 0.95)	0.86	0.14	0.82	0.15 **	0.85	0.15 #
RBC (M/uL)  (3.93 – 5.22)	4.6	0.4	4.6	0.4	4.6	0.4
WBC (K/uL)  (3.98 – 10.04)	5.7	1.5	5.4	1.8	5.1	1.3 *
Glucose (mg/dL)  (74 - 99)	92	7.5	94.2	9 *	92.8	12.7
HbA1C (%)  (4 - 6)	4.9	0.4	5	0.5	5	0.4
Insulin (μU/mL)  (2.6 – 24.9)	7.1	3.3	8.6	3.5 **	9.6	4.7 ***
HOMA IR	2	1.09- 2.40	2.4	1.11- 2.95	1.8	1.08-2.44
Vascular parameters
L-ABI	1.03	0.09	1	0.09 *	1.03	0.09 #
R-ABI	1.05	0.07	1.02	0.07 *	1.04	0.08
L-CAVI	6.5	1.1	6.4	1	6.6	1.1
R-CAVI	6.6	1.1	6.5	1	6.6	1.1
Systolic BP (mmHg)  (120 - 140)	117.7	12.6	114.7	9.1	115.9	9.7
Diastolic BP (mmHg)  (80 - 90)	69.5	8.8	68	10.1	67.4	7.6
Heart rate (bpm)	67.7	11.8	66.1	9.3	69.5	13

hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone; RBC: red blood cells; WBC: white blood cells; HbA1C: hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; L-ABI: left ankle-brachial index; R-ABI: right ankle-brachial index; L-CAVI: left cardio-ankle vascular index; R-CAVI: right cardio-ankle vascular index; BP: blood pressure. Brackets indicate clinical reference ranges. Data represented as mean ± SD (n = 30) or interquartile range (IQR) for parametric and non-parametric variables respectively.

^*P <0.05

^**P <0.01

^***P <0.001 compared with baseline

^#P <0.05 compared with control oil intervention.