Table 1.
Sample Demographic Characteristics and Health Risk Behaviors and Health Outcomes (N = 544)
| Variable | Cisgender heterosexuala(n = 295) (%) | Cisgender sexual minoritya(n = 187) (%) | Transgendera(n = 58) (%) | Total (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Cisgender Male | 208 (70.5) | 115 (61.5) | 324 (59.6) | |
| Cisgender Female | 87 (29.5) | 72 (38.5) | 162 (29.8) | |
| Transgender | 58 (10.7) | 58 (10.7) | ||
| Age | ||||
| Mean, SD | 26.7 (5.6) | 29.1 (6.6) | 28.7 (6.2) | 27.7 (6.1) |
| Categories | ||||
| 18–27 | 216 (73.2) | 101 (54.0) | 34 (58.6) | 351 (64.5) |
| 28–37 | 67 (22.7) | 66 (35.3) | 18 (31.0) | 151 (27.8) |
| 38+ | 12 (4.1) | 20 (10.7) | 5 (8.6) | 37 (6.8) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 20 (6.8) | 10 (5.3) | 2 (3.4) | 33 (6.1) |
| Black/African American | 71 (24.1) | 15 (8.0) | 5 (8.6) | 91 (16.7) |
| Latino/Hispanic | 40 (13.6) | 29 (15.5) | 4 (6.9) | 73 (13.4) |
| Multiracial | 6 (2.0) | 5 (2.7) | 7 (12.1) | 19 (3.5) |
| Native American/Alaskan Native | 2 (0.7) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (1.7) | 5 (0.9) |
| Other | 3 (1.0) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.7) |
| White/Caucasian | 151 (51.2) | 124 (66.3) | 39 (67.2) | 316 (58.1) |
| Education | ||||
| High school diploma/GED | 53 (18.0) | 14 (7.5) | 8 (13.8) | 75 (13.8) |
| Some college | 47 (15.9) | 25 (13.4) | 25 (43.1) | 97 (17.8) |
| Associate's degree | 59 (20.0) | 18 (9.6) | 10 (17.2) | 89 (16.4) |
| Bachelor's degree | 75 (25.4) | 57 (30.5) | 10 (17.2) | 144 (26.5) |
| Master's degree | 27 (9.2) | 33 (17.6) | 3 (5.2) | 63 (11.6) |
| Doctorate | 18 (6.1) | 23 (12.3) | 0 (0.0) | 41 (7.5) |
| Military background | ||||
| Branch | ||||
| Air Force | 110 (37.3) | 60 (32.1) | 11 (19.0) | 182 (33.5) |
| Army | 121 (41.0) | 79 (42.2) | 25 (43.1) | 226 (41.5) |
| Marines | 30 (10.2) | 15 (8.0) | 7 (12.1) | 52 (9.6) |
| Navy | 34 (11.5) | 33 (17.6) | 15 (25.9) | 84 (15.4) |
| Soldier type | ||||
| Enlisted | 211 (71.5) | 95 (50.8) | 51 (87.9) | 359 (66.0) |
| Officer | 84 (28.5) | 92 (49.2) | 7 (12.1) | 185 (34.0) |
| Years of service (mean, SD) | 5.1 (4.9) | 7.6 (5.8) | 7.5 (5.3) | 6.2 (5.4) |
| Alcohol useb | ||||
| High | 127 (43.1) | 94 (50.3) | 28 (48.3) | 251 (46.1) |
| Low | 119 (40.3) | 56 (29.9) | 21 (36.2) | 197 (36.2) |
| Smoke cigarettes | ||||
| None | 224 (75.9) | 141 (75.4) | 44 (75.9) | 412 (75.7) |
| Some/all of the time | 54 (18.3) | 27 (14.4) | 11 (19.0) | 93 (17.1) |
| Anxietyc | ||||
| Minimal | 227 (76.9) | 122 (65.2) | 28 (48.3) | 379 (69.7) |
| Mild | 33 (11.2) | 25 (13.4) | 9 (15.5) | 68 (12.5) |
| Moderate | 9 (3.1) | 8 (4.3) | 8 (13.8) | 25 (4.6) |
| Severe | 9 (3.1) | 14 (7.5) | 11 (3.5) | 34 (6.3) |
| Depressiond | ||||
| High | 23 (7.8) | 27 (14.4) | 22 (37.9) | 72 (13.2) |
| Low | 272 (92.2) | 160 (85.6) | 35 (60.3) | 471 (86.6) |
| PTSDe | ||||
| High | 18 (6.1) | 20 (10.7) | 18 (31.0) | 56 (10.3) |
| Low | 277 (93.9) | 165 (88.2) | 38 (65.5) | 484 (89.0) |
| Suicidalityf | ||||
| High | 36 (12.2) | 50 (26.7) | 32 (55.2) | 118 (21.7) |
| Low | 258 (87.5) | 136 (72.7) | 26 (44.8) | 424 (77.9) |
| Overall mental healthg | ||||
| High | 211 (71.5) | 107 (57.2) | 16 (27.6) | 337 (61.9) |
| Low | 84 (28.5) | 79 (42.2) | 41 (70.7) | 205 (37.7) |
| Overall physical healthg | ||||
| High | 211 (71.5) | 114 (61.0) | 27 (46.6) | 355 (65.3) |
| Low | 84 (28.5) | 73 (39.0) | 31 (53.4) | 189 (34.7) |
Sexual orientation/gender identity (missing n = 4); sexual minority participants included those who identified as gay/lesbian (163), bisexual (21), asexual (1), polysexual (1), and queer (1).
Based on the AUDIT-C score (range: 0–12): high: 4+ for men, 3+ for women.
Based on the GAD-7 (range: 0–21): minimal: <5, mild: 5–9, moderate: 10–14, severe: 15+.
Based on the PHQ-8: high: 10+.
Based on the PTSD Checklist associated with the DSM-5 and PCL-5: high: 33+.
Based on the four-item SBQ-R: high: 7+.
Range: 0–1.
AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; DSM-5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed.; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener; GED, General Education Development; PHQ-8, eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale; PCL-5, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, 5th ed.; PTSD, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder; SBQ-R, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised; SD, standard deviation.