Table 3.

Bivariate Analysis of Chiropractic Therapy

	Wave 1 N = 6325			Wave 2 N = 4041			Wave 3 N = 2717
	Chiropractic			Chiropractic			Chiropractic
	Yes			Yes			Yes
	n = 759			n = 679			n = 470
	Row N (%)	χ2	SE	Row N (%)	χ2	SE	Row N (%)	χ2	SE
Predisposing factors
Sociodemographics
Sex		1.44			0.43			0.84
Female	414 (54.55)		1.81	384 (56.55)		1.9	269 (57.23)		2.28
Male	345 (45.45)		1.81	295 (43.45)		1.9	201 (42.77)		2.28
Race		18.07***			7.43**			5.51*
White	707 (93.15)		0.92	639 (94.53)		0.88	433 (92.92)		1.19
Other	52 (6.85)		0.92	37 (5.47)		0.88	33 (7.08)		1.19
Age		11.83**			9.65**			10.46**
25–44 years	328 (43.21)		1.8	141 (20.77)		1.56	14 (2.98)		0.78
45–64	363 (47.83)		1.81	384 (56.55)		1.9	256 (54.47)		2.3
65+	68 (8.96)		1.04	154 (22.68)		1.61	200 (42.55)		2.28
Education		6.03			11.26*			1.35
Less than high school	52 (6.87)		0.92	31 (4.58)		0.8	23 (4.9)		1
High school, GED, AD	464 (61.29)		1.77	415 (61.3)		1.87	247 (52.67)		2.31
BA/BS	151 (19.95)		1.45	134 (19.79)		1.53	121 (25.8)		2.02
Advanced degree	90 (11.89)		1.18	97 (14.33)		1.35	78 (16.63)		1.72
Psychological factors
Spiritual importance		7.47**			14.07***			13.8***
Not or not very important	139 (18.71)		1.43	80 (11.9)		1.25	51 (11.11)		1.47
Somewhat to very important	604 (81.29)		1.43	592 (88.1)		1.25	408 (88.89)		1.47
Depression		6.37*			0.04			0.73
Yes	101 (13.31)		1.23	60 (8.84)		1.09	39 (8.3)		1.27
No	658 (86.69)		1.23	619 (91.16)		1.09	431 (91.7)		1.27

Significance level: ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001.

AD, Associate’s degree; BA/BS, Bachelor of Art or Bachelor of Science degree; GED, general educational development; SE, standard error.