Table 5.

Bivariate Analysis of Herbal Therapy

	Wave 1 N = 6325			Wave 2 N = 4041			Wave 3 N = 2717
	Herbal			Herbal			Herbal
	Yes			Yes			Yes
	n = 318			n = 395			n = 194
	Row N (%)	χ2	SE	Row N (%)	χ2	SE	Row N (%)	χ2	SE
Predisposing factors
Sociodemographics
Sex		33.24***			51.2***			17.21***
Female	217 (68.24)		2.61	286 (72.41)		2.25	135 (69.59)		3.3
Male	101 (31.76)		2.61	109 (27.59)		2.25	59 (30.41)		3.3
Race		6.91**			0.98			0.01
White	267 (83.96)		2.06	358 (90.63)		1.47	174 (90.16)		2.14
Other	51 (16.04)		2.06	37 (9.37)		1.47	19 (9.84)		2.14
Age		10.01**			18.01***			9.33**
25–44 years	162 (50.94)		2.8	81 (20.51)		2.03	9 (4.64)		1.51
45–64	136 (42.77)		2.77	240 (60.76)		2.46	103 (53.09)		3.58
65+	20 (6.29)		1.36	74 (18.73)		1.96	82 (42.27)		3.55
Education		25.92***			36.06***			9.19*
Less than high school	16 (5.06)		1.23	9 (2.28)		0.75	5 (2.62)		1.16
High school, GED, AD	160 (50.63)		2.81	186 (47.21)		2.52	88 (46.07)		3.61
BA/BS	92 (29.11)		2.56	127 (32.23)		2.35	52 (27.23)		3.22
Advanced degree	48 (15.19)		2.02	72 (18.27)		1.95	46 (24.08)		3.09
Psychological factors
Spiritual importance		32.36***			24.05***			10.76**
Not or not very important	30 (9.55)		1.66	31 (7.99)		1.38	16 (8.42)		2.02
Somewhat to very important	284 (90.45)		1.66	357 (92.01)		1.38	174 (91.58)		2.02
Depression		3.56			18.63***			7.69**
Yes	44 (13.84)		1.94	57 (14.43)		1.77	24 (12.37)		2.36
No	274 (86.16)		1.94	338 (85.57)		1.77	170 (87.63)		2.36

Significance level: ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001.

AD, Associate’s degree; BA/BS, Bachelor of Art or Bachelor of Science degree; GED, general educational development; SE, standard error.