Table 9.
Multivariable Analysis of Herbal Products
| Continued/discontinued use of herbal products | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model variables | Wave 1–2 |
Wave 2–3 |
||||
| ORa | 95% CI | p | ORa | 95% CI | p | |
| Race | 0.79 | 0.26 | ||||
| White | 0.89 | 0.40–2.02 | 1.75 | 0.66–4.62 | ||
| Other | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Age | 0.17 | 0.20 | ||||
| 25–44 years | 0.66 | 0.36–1.21 | 1.57 | 0.84–2.93 | ||
| 45–64 | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 65+ | 0.33 | 0.08–1.39 | 0.78 | 0.41–1.49 | ||
| Sex | <0.01 | 0.34 | ||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Female | 2.56 | 1.35–4.85 | 0.75 | 0.42–1.35 | ||
| Education | 0.07 | 0.78 | ||||
| Less than high school | 0.10 | 0.01–0.90 | 0.52 | 0.07–3.90 | ||
| High school, GED, AD | 0.70 | 0.36–1.34 | 0.79 | 0.44–1.43 | ||
| BA/BS | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Advanced degree | 1.39 | 0.63–3.06 | 0.76 | 0.37–1.54 | ||
| Spiritual importance | 0.23 | 0.90 | ||||
| Not or not very important | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Somewhat to very important | 2.06 | 0.63–6.69 | 0.94 | 0.39–2.28 | ||
| Depression | 0.60 | 0.38 | ||||
| Yes | Ref | Ref | ||||
| No | 1.25 | 0.54–2.90 | 0.72 | 0.35–1.49 | ||
| Herbal use in wave 1 | — | <0.01 | ||||
| Yes | — | — | 2.17 | 0127–3.71 | ||
| No | — | — | Ref | |||
| New use of herbal products | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model variables | Wave 1–2 |
Wave 2–3 |
||||
| ORa | 95% CI | p | ORa | 95% CI | p | |
| Race |
|
|
0.14 |
|
|
0.81 |
| White |
1.45 |
0.89–2.36 |
0.92 |
0.44–1.91 |
|
|
| Other |
Ref |
|
|
Ref |
|
|
| Age |
|
|
0.12 |
|
|
0.02 |
| 25–44 years |
0.89 |
0.67–1.20 |
|
1.26 |
0.75–2.12 |
|
| 45–64 |
Ref |
|
|
Ref |
|
|
| 65+ |
0.58 |
0.34–0.98 |
|
0.46 |
0.24–0.87 |
|
| Sex |
|
|
<0.0001 |
|
|
0.09 |
| Male |
Ref |
|
|
Ref |
|
|
| Female |
2.79 |
2.07–3.74 |
|
1.51 |
0.94–2.44 |
|
| Education |
|
|
<0.0001 |
|
|
0.06 |
| Less than high school |
0.20 |
0.09–0.45 |
|
1.11 |
0.39–3.17 |
|
| High school, GED, AD |
0.45 |
0.33–0.62 |
|
0.82 |
0.47–1.43 |
|
| BA/BS |
Ref |
|
|
Ref |
|
|
| Advanced degree |
0.95 |
0.64–1.41 |
|
1.77 |
0.97–3.25 |
|
| Spiritual importance |
|
|
<0.01 |
|
|
0.03 |
| Not or not very important |
Ref |
|
|
Ref |
|
|
| Somewhat to very important |
1.84 |
1.26–2.69 |
|
2.34 |
1.10–4.98 |
|
| Depression |
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
0.83 |
| Yes |
Ref |
|
|
Ref |
|
|
| No |
1.23 |
0.79–1.92 |
|
1.08 |
0.53–2.21 |
|
| Herbal use in wave 1 |
|
|
— |
|
|
<0.0001 |
| Yes |
— |
— |
|
4.33 |
2.08–9.03 |
|
| No | — | — | Ref | |||
a
Adjusted for all variables in the table in addition to smoking status, marriage status, total household income, insurance status, joint/bone disease, sciatica/lumbago/recurring backache, and migraine headaches.
AD, Associate's degree; BA/BS, Bachelor of Art or Bachelor of Science degree; CI, confidence interval; GED, general educational development; OR, odds ratio.