Table 1.
Summary of preclinical studies combining oncolytic viruses with chimeric antigen receptor T cell treatment
| Viral Species | Transgene Products | Malignancy (Cell Line) | CAR Antigen | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenovirus | IL-15, RANTESa | Neuroblastoma (CHLA-255) | GD2 | 40 |
| Vaccinia | CXCL11 | Lung cancer (TC1-meso) | Mesothelin | 41 |
| Adenovirus | IL-2, TNF-α | PDA (AsPC-1) | PDA | 42 |
| Adenovirus | PD-L1 ICI | Prostate cancer (PC-3, SiHa) | HER2 | 43 |
| Adenovirus | EGFR-BiTE | Colon (HCT116), pancreatic (Panc-1) | Folate-receptor-α | 44 |
| Adenovirus | IL-12, PD-L1 ICI | HNSCC (FaDu, SCC-47) | HER2 | 48 |
| VSV, Vaccinia | None | Murine breast cancer (D2F2) | HER2 | 49 |
| Vaccinia | CD19 | Murine melanoma (B16) | CD19 | 51 |
| Vaccinia | CD19 | Breast cancer (MDA-MB-468), murine colon cancer (MC38) | CD19 | 52 |
| Adenovirus | CD44-BiTE, IL-12, PD-L1 ICI | HNSCC (FaDu) | HER2 | 58 |
| VSV | IFN-β | Murine melanoma (B16-EGFRvIII) | EGFRvIII | 59 |
a
Alternative name for CCL5.
BiTE, bispecific T cell engager; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; CXCL11, C-X-C motif chemokine 11; EGFRvIII, epidermal growth factor receptor variant III; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; IL, interleukin; PDA, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; OV, oncolytic virus; PD-L1, programmed death ligand-1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus.