Table 1.

Study Eligibility Criteria

Study characteristic	Include criteria	Exclude criteria
Population	Adults, children, or simulated patients with probable or confirmed COVID-19 (SARs-CoV-2), SARS, MERS, or influenza. For experimental studies (simulation studies) examining effects of nebulization on droplet dispersal, these studies may include non-patients or patient simulators.	Animal studies
Intervention	Nebulized delivery of a medication (e.g., albuterol) or placebo solution (e.g., saline). Nebulizers include pneumatic jet compression, ultrasonic, vibrating mesh/horn and microprocessor-controlled breath actuated types.	NIV (e.g., BiPAP, CPAP); high-flow nasal oxygen; large-volume nebulizers
Comparator	None or other drug delivery (e.g., metered dose inhalers, dry powder, or slow-mist inhaler)	None
Outcomes	Confirmed and probable cases of the specific viral infection (i.e., measures of transmission risk). For experimental/simulation studies, virus recovery (e.g., by RNA sequencing) or droplet dispersion at different distances/time points.	None
Setting	Any inpatient setting, emergency department or outpatient setting. Experimental/simulation studies may take place in nonclinical settings.	Studies of fugitive emissions that did not involve patient simulation
Timing	Any	None
designs	Systematic reviews, trials (randomized and nonrandomized), cohort studies, case-control studies, case series, case reports, experimental/simulation studies of droplet/virus dispersion.	None

BiPAP, bilevel positive airway pressure; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; RNA, ribonucleic acid; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARs-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.