TABLE 3.
Characteristics of Newborns
| All Newborns (N = 910 867) | Newborns With NAS (n = 4280) | Newborns With OE (n = 7701) | Newborns With Both OE and NAS (n = 672) | Pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race and/or ethnicity, n (%) | <.001 | ||||
| White | 363 564 (41.5) | 3341 (81.5) | 3813 (51.2) | 495 (77.7) | — |
| Black | 102 357 (11.7) | 280 (6.8) | 1625 (21.8) | 41 (6.4) | — |
| Hispanic | 281 530 (32.1) | 360 (8.8) | 1657 (22.2) | 75 (11.8) | — |
| Asian American | 80 649 (9.2) | 16 (0.4) | 67 (0.9) | 1 (0.2) | — |
| Other | 48 388 (5.5) | 102 (2.5) | 291 (3.9) | 25 (3.9) | — |
| Multiple birth, n (%) | 28 989 (3.2) | 100 (0.8) | 85 (1.1) | 114 (17.0) | <.001 |
| Insurance status, n (%) | <.001 | ||||
| Medicaid | 411 783 (46.0) | 3443 (83.2) | 6370 (83.7) | 542 (82.9) | — |
| Private | 423 975 (47.4) | 505 (12.2) | 784 (10.3) | 71 (10.9) | — |
| Other | 59 634 (6.7) | 190 (4.6) | 461 (6.1) | 41 (6.3) | — |
| State, n (%) | <.001 | ||||
| California | 459 043 (50.4) | 842 (19.7) | 3572 (46.4) | 204 (30.4) | — |
| Florida | 219 473 (24.1) | 1304 (30.5) | 2461 (32.0) | 190 (28.3) | — |
| New Jersey | 99 301 (10.9) | 506 (11.8) | 375 (4.9) | 81 (12.1) | — |
| Pennsylvania | 133 050 (14.6) | 1628 (38.0) | 1293 (16.8) | 197 (29.3) | — |
| Rural, n (%) | 141 988 (17.7) | 776 (19.7) | 1589 (23.1) | 155 (25.8) | <.001 |
—, not applicable.
a
We performed t tests and χ2 tests according to variable type. Mothers with and without OUD were mutually exclusive groups and were compared with each other. Newborns with and without NAS or OE were mutually exclusive groups and were compared with each other.