HBO depletes ECM and boosts antitumor effect of PD‐1 Ab toward clinical samples. MASSON staining images, SHG images, and the penetrated PD‐1 Ab in clinical tumor samples A). The scale bar is 50 µm. Quantification of collagen fiber of two patients in MASSON staining B,C), SHG D), and penetrated PD‐1 Ab E) in clinical tumor sample sections, respectively (n = 20). F) Representative immunofluorescence staining of HIF‐1α images, CTL staining images, and TUNEL staining images in clinical tumor samples. The scale bar is 50 µm. Quantification of HIF‐1α G), CTL H), and apoptosis index I) in clinical tumor sample sections, respectively (n = 20). J,K) The antitumor effect of HBO+PD‐1 Ab on clinical tumor samples was evaluated by cell apoptosis through Annexin V and PI staining (n = 8). Error bars indicate SEM. Statistical significance was calculated by t‐test. P‐values: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.