Table 2.
Clinical efficacy of probiotics on infectious diseases
| Strain | Target Disease (Virus) | Individuality | Result | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enterococcus faecalis strain FK-23 | HCV | Anti-HCV-positive adults | AST and ALT were detected | [76] |
| Lactobacillus plantarum 299v | HIV | HIV-infected child | Enhance immune response | [77] |
| Lactobacillus casei Shirota | Cytomegalovirus Epstein–Barr | Healthy athletes | Reduced plasma CMV and EBV antibody titres | [78] |
| HIV | HIV-infected child | CD4 + T cells increase; induced decreases in plasma HIV load and CD8 + T- ell activation | [79] | |
| Norovirus | Elderly people | No significant difference in infection rate | [80] | |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | Rhinovirus | Preterm infant | Reduce the risk of rhinovirus infections | [81] |
| Rotavirus and Cryptosporidium | 6 M-5Y children with rotavirus and cryptosporidial gastroenteritis | Decrease repeated episodes of rotavirus diarrhoea; improvement in intestinal function in children with rotavirus and cryptosporidial gastroenteritis | [82] | |
| Enterococcus faecium SF68 | Cats latent feline herpesvirus 1 | FHV1-infected cats | Reduce incidence rate | [83] |
| Lactobacillus paracasei Strain ST11 | Non-rotavirus | Infant with diarrhoea | Ineffective in those with rotavirus diarrhoea | [84] |
| Lactobacillus pentosus strain b240 | Common cold | Elderly adults | Reduced the incidence rate of the common cold | [85] |
| Clostridium butyricum and B. infantis | Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced liver cirrhosis | HBV-induced liver cirrhosis patients | Reduction in venous ammonia; the parameters of the intestinal mucosal barrier were obviously improved | [86] |
| Bifidobacterium Lactis Bb12 | Rotavirus and poliovirus | Six-week-old healthy, full-term infants | Anti-rotavirus- and anti-poliovirus-specific IgA increased | [87] |
| Bifidobacterium | Acute viral diarrhoea (rotavirus) | Children(3 months and 3 years) | Reduce diarrhoea and promote viral shedding | [88] |
| Saccharomyces boulardii | Acute rotavirus diarrhoea | Children (3 months–5 years) | The duration of diarrhoea was significantly shorter | [89] |
HCV hepatitis C virus, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, CMV cytomegalovirus, EBV epstein–barr virus, FHV1 feline herpesvirus 1, MHE minimal hepatic encephalopathy, HBV hepatitis B virus