Table 3.

Cytopathologic Findings of CSF in Adult and Pediatric Patients With HLH With Suspected CNS Involvement Stratified by Cytomorphologic Pattern^a

Case No.	CNS-HLHb	No. of LPs	Pattern 1	Pattern 2	Pattern 3	Pattern 4	Pattern 5
Pediatric
1	+	12	3 (25.0)	1 (8.3)	8 (66.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)
2	–	1	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)
3	+	1	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
4	+	4	1 (25.0)	0 (0)	2 (50.0)	1 (25.0)	0 (0)
5	+	2	1 (50.0)	0 (0)	1 (50.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
6	+	8	2 (25.0)	3 (37.5)	2 (25.0)	1 (12.5)	0 (0)
7	+	10	3 (30.0)	2 (20.0)	4 (40.0)	1 (10.0)	0 (0)
8	+	1	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
9	–	2	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)
10	–	1	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)
11	–	2	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)
19	–	1	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)
22	–	1	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)
23	–	2	0 (0)	2 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
25	–	1	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Average, %		3.3	23.7	17.7	48.8	3.2	6.7
Adult
12	–	1	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
13	–	1	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)
14	–	1	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
15	–	1	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)
16	–	1	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)
17	–	1	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)
18	–	1	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)
20	+	2	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)	0 (0)
21	+	5	0 (0)	1 (20.0)	2 (40.0)	1 (20.0)	1 (20.0)
24	+	1	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Average, %		1.5	0	22.0	59.0	17.0	2.0
Overall average, %		2.6	14.2	19.4	52.9	8.7	4.8

CNS, central nervous system; HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; LP, lumbar puncture; +, positive; –, negative.

^aThe table shows the distribution of pattern 1 to 5 specimens associated with a given patient. Values are presented as number (%) unless otherwise indicated. Pattern 1, hemophagocytosis; pattern 2, vacuolated macrophages without evidence of hemophagocytosis; pattern 3, monocytes and/or nonvacuolated macrophages; pattern 4, acellular specimens; and pattern 5, bloody specimens.

^bCNS-HLH status was determined by neuroimaging.