Table 3.
Univariable regression analysis of relevant pulmonary function outcomes, eosinophil count, and asthma by serum PFASs.
| PFAS (log-transformed) Respiratory Outcomes | PFHxS Unit change (95% CI) |
PFOS Unit change (95% CI) |
PFOA Unit change (95% CI) |
PFNA Unit change (95% CI) |
PFDA Unit change (95% CI) |
PFUnDA Unit change (95% CI) |
PFAS Total Unit change (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R5 | −0.21 (−0.37, −0.06)* | −0.42 (−0.62, −0.23)* | −0.48 (−0.75, −0.21)* | −0.46 (−0.70, −0.21)* | −0.10 (−0.20, 0.01) | −0.06 (−0.15, 0.03) | −0.49 (−0.72, −0.26)* |
| R5–20 | −0.02 (−0.12, 0.08) | −0.25 (−0.38, −0.13)* | −0.26 (−0.44, −0.08)* | −0.30 (−0.46, −0.14)* | −0.09 (−0.16, −0.03)* | −0.07 (−0.12, −0.01)* | −0.27 (−0.42, −0.12)* |
| R20 | −0.19 (−0.30, −0.09)* | −0.17 (−0.31, −0.03)* | −0.22 (−0.41, −0.03)* | −0.15 (−0.33, 0.02) | −0.01 (−0.08, 0.07) | 0.004 (−0.06, 0.07) | −0.22 (−0.38, −0.06)* |
| FVC | 0.35 (0.22, 0.48)* | 0.27 (0.11, 0.43)* | 0.46 (0.23, 0.69)* | 0.32 (0.12, 0.52)* | −0.02 (−0.11, 0.07) | −0.09 (−0.16, −0.01)* | 0.41 (0.22, 0.60)* |
| FEV1 | 0.24 (0.14, 0.34)* | 0.21 (0.08, 0.34)* | 0.33 (0.15, 0.52)* | 0.26 (0.10, 0.42)* | −0.01 (−0.08, 0.07) | −0.06 (−0.12, −0.001)* | 0.30 (0.15, 0.46)* |
| FEV1/FVC | −1.40 (−2.63, −0.17)* | −0.60 (−2.15, 0.95) | −1.53 (−3.73, 0.67) | −0.31 (−2.23, 1.60) | 0.25 (−0.58, 1.07) | 0.38 (−0.33, 1.08) | −1.04 (−2.87, 0.80) |
| TLC | 0.35 (0.17, 0.54)* | 0.35 (0.10, 0.59)* | 0.56 (0.23, 0.90)* | 0.65 (0.35, 0.95)* | −0.04 (−0.18, 0.09) | −0.07 (−0.18, 0.05) | 0.51 (0.23, 0.79)* |
| RV | 0.05 (−0.09, 0.18) | 0.10 (−0.08, 0.27) | 0.12 (−0.13, 0.36) | 0.33 (0.12, 0.55)* | −0.01 (−0.10, 0.09) | 0.03 (−0.05, 0.11) | 0.14 (−0.06, 0.35) |
| FRC | 0.17 (0.02, 0.32)* | 0.25 (0.06, 0.44)* | 0.33 (0.06, 0.59)* | 0.53 (0.30, 0.77)* | 0.01 (−0.10, 0.11) | 0.01 (−0.08, 0.10) | 0.35 (0.13, 0.57)* |
| Eosinophil count (log-transformed) | −0.06 (−0.25, 0.12) | 0.03 (−0.22, 0.28) | −0.01 (−0.35, 0.33) | 0.04 (−0.26, 0.34) | 0.03 (−0.10, 0.16) | 0.004 (−0.11, 0.11) | 0.01 (−0.29, 0.30) |
| (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | |
| Asthma diagnosis after 9/11/01 | 0.96 (0.65, 1.44) | 0.66 (0.39, 1.13) | 1.00 (0.49, 2.03) | 1.20 (0.63, 2.27) | 0.90 (0.69, 1.17) | 0.93 (0.74, 1.18) | 0.77 (0.42, 1.40) |
R5: Resistance at an oscillation frequency of 5 Hz; R5–20: Resistance at an oscillation frequency of 5 Hz minus resistance at 20 Hz; R20: Resistance at an oscillation frequency of 20 Hz; FVC: Forced Vital Capacity; FEV1: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s; TLC: Total Lung Capacity; RV: Residual Volume; FRC: Functional Residual Capacity.
*
Significant at the p < 0.05 level.