Table 4.
Multivariable regression analysis of relevant pulmonary function outcomes, eosinophil count, and asthma by serum PFASs.
| PFAS (log-transformed) Respiratory Outcomes | PFHxS Unit change (95% CI) |
PFOS Unit change (95% CI) |
PFOA Unit change (95% CI) |
PFNA Unit change (95% CI) |
PFDA Unit change (95% CI) |
PFUnDA Unit change (95% CI) |
PFAS Total Unit change (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R5 | −0.09 (−0.25, 0.07) | −0.10 (−0.32, 0.12) | −0.11 (−0.39, 0.19) | −0.11 (−0.36, 0.14) | 0.03 (−0.08, 0.15) | 0.004 (−0.09, 0.10) | −0.15 (−0.37, 0.15) |
| R5–20 | 0.03 (−0.07, 0.13) | −0.09 (−0.23, 0.04) | −0.05 (−0.23, 0.13) | −0.10 (−0.26, 0.05) | −0.003 (−0.07, 0.07) | −0.004 (−0.06, 0.05) | 0.08 (−0.24, 0.08) |
| R20 | −0.12 (−0.23,−0.003)* | −0.006 (−0.17, 0.15) | −0.05 (−0.27, 0.16) | −0.005 (−0.19, 0.18) | 0.04 (−0.04, 0.12) | 0.01 (−0.06, 0.08) | −0.35 (−0.22, 0.16) |
| FVC | 0.03 (−0.08, 0.13) | 0.01 (−0.12, 0.15) | −0.05 (−0.23, 0.13) | 0.02 (−0.14, 0.17) | −0.03 (−0.10, 0.04) | −0.04 (−0.10, 0.02) | 0.01 (−0.16, 0.17) |
| FEV1 | −0.01 (−0.10, 0.08) | −0.02 (−0.13, 0.10) | −0.02 (−0.24, 0.07) | 0.01 (−0.12, 0.14) | −0.03 (−0.09, 0.03) | −0.03 (−0.08, 0.02) | −0.03 (−0.17, 0.11) |
| FEV1/FVC | −0.90 (−2.29, 0.48) | −0.63 (−2.45, 1.20) | −1.02 (−3.45, 1.40) | −0.18 (−2.25, 1.90) | −0.15 (−1.11, 0.81) | 0.09 (−0.68, 0.86) | −0.88 (−3.05, 1.27) |
| TLC | 0.001 (−0.18, 0.18) | −0.02 (−0.27, 0.23) | −0.12 (−0.45, 0.21) | 0.27 (−0.01, 0.55) | −0.10 (−0.22, 0.03) | −0.04 (−0.15, 0.06) | −0.01 (−0.30, 0.28) |
| RV | 0.01 (−0.15, 0.16) | 0.08 (−0.12, 0.28) | −0.04 (−0.32, 0.23) | 0.24 (0.003, 0.48)* | −0.06 (−0.17, 0.05) | 0.01 (−0.08, 0.10) | 0.02 (−0.22, 0.27) |
| FRC | 0.03 (−0.13, 0.18) | 0.01 (−0.21, 0.23) | −0.02 (−0.30, 0.27) | 0.31 (0.07, 0.55)* | −0.06 (−0.17, 0.05) | −0.02 (−0.11, 0.08) | 0.06 (−0.19, 0.32) |
| Eosinophil count (log-transformed) | −0.09 (−0.30, 0.19) | 0.01 (−0.29, 0.31) | −0.14 (−0.53, 0.25) | −0.05 (−0.38, 0.29) | −0.01 (−0.16, 0.14) | −0.02 (−0.15, 0.10) | −0.05 (−0.40, 0.30) |
| (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | |
| Asthma diagnosis after 9/11/01 | 1.09 (0.68, 1.74) | 0.89 (0.45, 1.76) | 1.34 (0.55, 3.29) | 1.74 (0.81, 3.73) | 1.03 (0.74, 1.43) | 1.02 (0.77, 1.34) | 1.13 (0.51, 2.50) |
All analyses are adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, BMI, and tobacco smoke exposure.
R5: Resistance at an oscillation frequency of 5 Hz; R5–20: Resistance at an oscillation frequency of 5 Hz minus resistance at 20 Hz; R20: Resistance at an oscillation frequency of 20 Hz; FVC: Forced Vital Capacity; FEV1: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s; TLC: Total Lung Capacity; RV: Residual Volume; FRC: Functional Residual Capacity.
*
Significant at the p < 0.05 level.