Table 1. Host characteristics by cluster (performed in training set).
| Variable | Cluster 1 n = 1,603 | Cluster 2 n = 149 | Cluster 3 n = 243 | Cluster 4 n = 1,094 | Cluster 5 n = 623 | Cluster 6 n = 338 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 59 [47–72] | 55 [36–66] | 70 [61–77] | 72 [62–79] | 68 [56–77] | 56 [42–64] |
| Sex (Male) | 1062 (66%) | 81 (54%) | 144 (59%) | 624 (57%) | 366 (59%) | 214 (63%) |
| Weight (kg) | 69 [57–80] | 68.6 [58–80] | 68.6 [58–83] | 70.7 [60–83.5] | 72 [61–84] | 70 [60–80] |
| Malnutrition | 96 (6%) | 5 (3%) | 10 (4%) | 66 (6%) | 33 (5%) | 20 (6%) |
| Alcohol abuse | 302 (19%) | 13 (9%) | 39 (16%) | 171 (16%) | 79 (13%) | 21 (6%) |
| Not complicated diabetes | 131 (8%) | 15 (10%) | 32 (13%) | 222 (20%) | 69 (11%) | 22 (7%) |
| Complicated diabetes | 20 (1%) | 4 (3%) | 10 (4%) | 147 (13%) | 29 (5%) | 3 (1%) |
| Chronic heart failure | 135 (8%) | 10 (7%) | 47 (19%) | 403 (37%) | 123 (20%) | 31 (9%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 38 (2%) | 6 (4%) | 7 (3%) | 201 (18%) | 37 (6%) | 26 (8%) |
| Liver cirrhosis | 75 (5%) | 9 (6%) | 4 (2%) | 178 (16%) | 65 (10%) | 21 (6%) |
| COPD | 371 (23%) | 9 (6%) | 202 (83%) | 217 (20%) | 68 (11%) | 25 (7%) |
| Hematological malignancy | 41 (3%) | 7 (5%) | 3 (1%) | 29 (3%) | 14 (2%) | 293 (87%) |
| HIV/AIDS or Transplant | 97 (6%) | 20 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 43 (4%) | 14 (2%) | 57 (17%) |
| Solid tumor | 138 (9%) | 7 (5%) | 12 (5%) | 181 (17%) | 129 (21%) | 53 (16%) |
| Chronic steroid therapy | 92 (6%) | 11 (7%) | 18 (7%) | 63 (6%) | 25 (4%) | 41 (12%) |
| Charlson score | 2 [1–3] | 1 [1–3] | 3 [2–4] | 4 [3–6] | 3 [3–5] | 3 [2–4] |
| ICU Admission | ||||||
| Medical admission | 1494 (93%) | 144 (97%) | 237 (98%) | 957 (87%) | 76 (12%) | 331 (98%) |
| Unscheduled surgery | 46 (3%) | 3 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 89 (8%) | 489 (78%) | 7 (2%) |
| Scheduled surgery | 63 (4%) | 2 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 48 (4%) | 58 (9%) | 0 (0%) |
Definition of abbreviations: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS = acquired immune deficiency syndrome; IQR = interquartile range; Cluster 1 = young patients without any comorbidities, admitted in ICU for community-acquired pneumonia; Cluster 2 = young patients without any comorbidities, admitted in ICU for meningitis or encephalitis; Cluster 3 = elderly patients with COPD, admitted in ICU for bronchial infection with few organ failures; Cluster 4 = elderly patients, with several comorbidities and organ failures; Cluster 5 = patients admitted after surgery with a nosocomial infection; Cluster 6 = young patients, with immunosuppressive disease or therapy, such as AIDS, chronic steroid therapy or hematological malignancy. Values in Numbers (%) or median [IQR].