Table 1. Associated Risk Factors of Anti-Toxocara Antibodies in Pregnant Women Aged 14 to 43 Years (N = 280).
| ELISA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Negative No. (%) | Positive No. (%) | OR (95% CI) | P value | Overall P value |
| Pregnancy stage (trimester) | 0.082 | ||||
| First | 78 (35.1) | 29 (50.0) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Second | 47 (21.2) | 12 (20.7) | 0.69 (0.31–1.47) | 0.342 | |
| Third | 97 (43.7) | 17 (29.3) | 0.47 (0.24–0.92) | 0.027 | |
| Education level | 0.005 | ||||
| Elementary/ Middle School | 47 (21.2) | 24 (41.4) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| High School | 155 (69.8) | 32 (55.2) | 0.41 (0.22–0.76) | 0.005 | |
| College | 20 (9.01) | 2 (3.45) | 0.21 (0.03–0.82) | 0.022 | |
| Monthly family income | 0.096 | ||||
| Up to one MW* | 125 (56.3) | 41 (70.7) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Two MW* | 85 (38.3) | 16 (27.6) | 0.58 (0.30–1.08) | 0.087 | |
| Three MW* | 12 (5.41) | 1 (1.72) | 0.29 (0.01–1.55) | 0.171 | |
| Water filter | 1 | ||||
| No | 167 (75.2) | 44 (75.9) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 55 (24.8) | 14 (24.1) | 0.97 (0.48–1.88) | 0.934 | |
| Contact with soil | 0.496 | ||||
| No | 169 (76.1) | 41 (70.7) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 53 (23.9) | 17 (29.3) | 1.33 (0.68–2.50) | 0.399 | |
| House dogs | 0.663 | ||||
| No | 75 (33.8) | 22 (37.9) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 147 (66.2) | 36 (62.1) | 0.83 (0.46–1.54) | 0.555 | |
| House cats | 0.482 | ||||
| No | 176 (79.3) | 49 (84.5) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 46 (20.7) | 9 (15.5) | 0.71 (0.31–1.50) | 0.385 | |
| Onychophagia | 0.419 | ||||
| No | 88 (39.6) | 19 (32.8) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 134 (60.4) | 39 (67.2) | 1.34 (0.73–2.52) | 0.343 | |
| Raw/undercooked meat intake | 0.415 | ||||
| No | 160 (72.1) | 38 (65.5) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 62 (27.9) | 20 (34.5) | 1.36 (0.72–2.51) | 0.334 |
*MW: minimum wage