Table 2. Associated Risk Factors for Anti-Toxocara Antibodies in Adult Pregnant Women Aged 18 Years and Older (N = 209).
| Characteristic | Bivariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ELISA | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | Overall P value | ||
| Negative No. (%) | Positive No. (%) | |||||
| Pregnancy stage (trimester) | ||||||
| First | 60 (28.7) | 13 (6.2) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Second | 34 (16.3) | 7 (3.3) | 1.04 (0.39–3.06) | 0.92 | 0.36 (0.08–1.35) | 0.14 |
| Third | 81 (38.8) | 14 (6.7) | 1.34 (0.58–3.17) | 0.48 | 0.17 (0.03–0.72) | 0.03 |
| Education | ||||||
| Elementary/Middle School | 28 (13.4) | 12 (5.7) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
| High School | 128 (61.2) | 21 (10.0) | 0.38 (0.17–0.89) | 0.027 | ||
| College | 19 (9.1) | 1 (0.5) | 0.14 (0.01–0.82) | 0.026 | ||
| Monthly family income | ||||||
| Up to one MW* | 93 (44.5) | 21 (10.0) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
| Two MW* | 73 (34.9) | 12 (5.7) | 0.73 (0.33–1.57) | 0.43 | ||
| Three MW* | 9 (4.3) | 1 (0.5) | 0.55 (0.02–3.26) | 0.57 | ||
| Water filter | ||||||
| No | 132 (63.2) | 24 (11.5) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 43 (20.6) | 10 (4.8) | 1.29 (0.54–2.86) | 0.55 | ||
| Contact with soil | ||||||
| No | 133 (63.6) | 29 (13.9) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 42 (20.1) | 5 (2.4) | 0.56 (0.18–1.44) | 0.24 | 4.76 (1.47–17.33) | 0.01 |
| House dogs | ||||||
| No | 65 (31.1) | 13 (6.2) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 110 (52.6) | 21 (10.0) | 0.95 (0.45–2.08) | 0.89 | ||
| House cats | ||||||
| No | 143 (68.4) | 28 (13.4) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 32 (15.3) | 6 (2.9) | 0.97 (0.34–2.43) | 0.96 | 0.25 (0.05–1.00) | 0.07 |
| Onychophagia | ||||||
| No | 79 (37.8) | 12 (5.7) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 96 (45.9) | 22 (10.5) | 1.5 (0.70–3.33) | 0.29 | ||
| Raw/undercooked meat intake | ||||||
| No | 130 (62.2) | 20 (9.6) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 45 (21.5) | 14 (6.7) | 2.02 (0.92–4.33) | 0.078 | ||
*MW: minimum wage