Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics among melatonin users and matched comparisons aged 50 years and older at the index date

	Melatonin users (N = 58,657)		Nonusers (N = 175,971)		P value
	No.	%	No.	%
Age at index					1.00
50–59 yr	19,139	32.6	57,417	32.6
60–69 yr	17,551	29.9	52,653	29.9
≥70 yr	21,967	37.4	65,901	37.4
Sex					1.00
Male	19,621	33.5	58,863	33.5
Female	39,036	66.5	117,108	66.5
Highest education level, yr					1.00
1–9	13,337	22.7	40,011	22.7
10–11	22,224	37.9	66,672	37.9
≥12	23,096	39.4	69,288	39.4
Family history of CRC					1.00
No	54,122	92.3	162,366	92.3
Yes	4,535	7.7	13,605	7.7
Inflammatory bowel disease					<0.001
No	57,690	98.4	173,864	98.8
Yes	967	1.6	2,107	1.2
Obesity					<0.001
No	57,032	97.2	173,249	98.5
Yes	1,625	2.8	2,722	1.5
COPD					<0.001
No	52,462	89.4	163,426	92.9
Yes	6,195	10.6	12,545	7.1
Colonoscopy					<0.001
No	54,787	93.4	168,785	95.9
Yes	3,870	6.6	7,186	4.1
CCI					<0.001
0	37,516	64.0	126,987	72.2
1	13,035	22.2	30,480	17.3
2	4,642	7.9	11,038	6.3
≥3	3,464	5.9	7,466	4.2
Prescription of other medicines
Aspirin	14,321	24.4	35,789	20.3	<0.001
Metformin	3,661	6.2	10,011	5.7	<0.001
Statin	16,462	28.1	41,618	23.7	<0.001

CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRC, colorectal cancer.