Table 4.

Effect of ZZAE on tumor incidence.

Treatment groups	αTumor incidence
Control	0 to 5 ± 0.0
Model	˃15 ± 3.5#
aTween20	˃15 ± 2.8∗
Carvedilol (6.25 mg/kg)	10 to 15 ± 2.8∗
ZZAE (mg/kg)
50	10 to 15 ± 2.3∗
100	6 to 10 ± 0.8∗
200	6 to 10 ± 1.7∗

Each value is the mean ± SD, n = 4. ^#P ≤ 0.05 (control versus model group); ^∗P ≤ 0.05 (treatments versus model group); ZZAE: Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides alkaloidal extract; ^αdetermined by finding the average number of tumors counted by three independent researchers for each treatment group; ^avehicle for dissolution of ZZAE, 1 ml/rat.