Table 3.

The action of ginkgolides assigns to the type of neuroregulator

Action	Neurotransmitter	Neuromodulator	References
Ginkgolides as PAF inhibitors: binding to metabotropic receptors		+	[8]
Ginkgolides as TLR4 antagonists: long-lasting regulation		+	[16]
Ginkgolides as PLA2 inhibitors: neuronal signal modulation	+	+	[38]
Ginkgolides vs glutamate: NMDA and AMPA inhibition (ionotropic receptors)	+		[20]
Ginkgolides vs GABA: Binding to GABAA and GABAC receptors (ionotropic receptors)	+		[26]
Ginkgolides influence on serotonin transmission: binding to the 5-TH3 receptors (ionotropic receptors)	+		[27]
Ginkgolides vs dopamine and noradrenaline: desensitization		+	[30]
Ginkgolides vs apoptosis: TNFR inhibition and desensitization		+	[32]
Ginkgolides as free radical scavengers: the oxidative proteins level upregulation		+	[36]