Fig. 1.
a Relationship between the estimated effect of variants and the degree of pleiotropy (b = 0.035, R2 = 0.07, F = 110.6, p < 2 × 10−16). b Relationship between the standard deviation of the effect sizes of pleiotropic variants and the degree of pleiotropy (b = 0.008, R2 = 0.35, F = 5.78, p = 0.04). c Relationship between the minor allele frequency (MAF) of SNPs and the degree of pleiotropy (b = 0.006, R2 = 0.0002, F = 14.38, p = 0.0002). d Relationship between the heritability contributed by the variants (h2) and the degree of pleiotropy (b = 3.15 × 10−4, R2 = 0.009, F = 10.16, p = 0.001). Simple regression lines are shown