(A) Left, UMAP plot showing cell populations 1, 2 and 6 coded by colors. Cells with enriched expression of the population 1 biomarkers ATHMP41 and NAC020 are surrounded by a dashed red line Center, UMAP representation of the average expression of young vascular tissue markers. (B) Violin plot showing the average expression of protophloem and metaphloem representative genes: OCTOPUS (OPS), OBP2 and NAC020. (C) Left, violin plot showing expression of MYB108. Right, confocal images showing expression of pMYB108:NLS-3xYFP (in yellow) in a LRP (LRP) at stages II to IV. Orange arrows: pMYB108 marked cells. (D) Left, violin plot showing expression of ATHMP41. Right, confocal images showing expression of pATHMP41:NLS-3xYFP (in red) at stage IV of LR formation. (E-F) Images showing expression of pATHMP41:NLS-3xYFP during LR formation (D) and in a recently emerged LR (E). (D-F) Light red arrowheads: cells inside the LRP. Red arrowheads: primary root phloem. White arrowheads: primary root xylem. Stained cell walls are shown in a gray scale. Scale bars: 25 μm. (G) UMAP plot defining populations 6, 2 and 1 as vascular-like and protopholem-like cells on colored backgrounds.