hPPARα and PPARα null mice were treated with Vehicle or PFOA-containing drinking water for 6 weeks, as described in Fig. 1. Lipids were identified and quantified by UHPLC-QTOFMS. a Analysis of select lipids in females. b Fold changes of TGs (treated vs control) in female PPARα null mice as a function of the number of carbons and double bonds in the fatty acyls, with intensity of the color indicating the level of fold increase (1.5-2; 2-3; 3-4; 4-5; >5). c Analysis of select lipids in males. d Fold changes of TGs (treated vs control) in male PPARα null mice as a function of the number of carbons and double bonds in the fatty acyls, with intensity of the color indicating the level of fold increase (1.5-2; 4-5). Data are from individual mice, with the mean indicated by a line. N = 3-6. Significantly different from Vehicle (* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001, **** p<0.0001, t-test).