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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Res. 2021 Jun 11;81(15):4054–4065. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-3792

Figure 1. Active MAPK pathway is essential for PDAC maintenance.

Figure 1.

(A) Schematic diagram of investigating KRAS downstream surrogates in PDAC maintenance. The iKras cell was infected with lentivirus to overexpress the KRAS surrogates, sorted and orthotopically injected into nude mouse. Tumorigenesis was observed by bioluminescence imaging. (B) Tumorigenesis of iKras cells with KRASG12V/T35S, KRASG12V/E37G or KRASG12V/Y40C overexpression by bioluminescence imaging. (C) Sphere formation of iKras cell with KRASG12V/T35S, KRASG12V/E37G, KRASG12V/Y40C overexpression in the low-attached plate. (D) Quantification of sphere number in C (n=3, Mean ± SD). (E) Tumorigenesis of mouse PDAC cells with constitutively active KRAS downstream surrogates by bioluminescence imaging. (F) Sphere formation of iKras PDAC cells with constitutively active KRAS downstream surrogates in low attached plate. (G) Quantification of spheres in F by cell viability assay (n=3, Mean ± SD).