Figure 1.

The network analysis process. Step (1a): Estimate individual-level empirical network measures. Step (1b): Combine estimates from 1a with population-level demographic weights to estimate population-level empirical network statistics. Step (2): Fit network models using exponential random graph models (ERGMs) for one-time partnerships and temporal ERGMs for partnerships with duration (main and casual partnerships). Inputs for these models come from step 1b. Step (3): Simulate the complete networks over time for each city. Step (4): Estimate and compare the forward reachable paths (FRPs) for each city.