Table 1.
Characteristics and treatment delay of stroke patients before and after COVID-19 pandemic
| Characteristics | Pre-COVID-19, n = 153 | Post-COVID-19, n = 99 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year, mean | 69.5±11.1 | 70.1±12.2 | 0.334 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 92 (60.1) | 70 (66.0) | 0.133 |
| Education, n (%) | |||
| Elementary education | 46 (30.1) | 32 (32.3) | |
| Secondary education | 86 (56.2) | 54 (54.4) | 0.242 |
| Higher education | 21 (13.7) | 13 (14.3) | |
| Solitary, n (%) | 47 (30.7) | 32 (32.3) | 0.410 |
| Residence, n (%) | |||
| Urban | 103 (67.3) | 70 (70.7) | 0.411 |
| Rural | 50 (32.7) | 29 (29.3) | |
| Daytime onset, n (%) | 79 (51.6) | 53 (53.5) | 0.433 |
| Stroke etiology, n (%) | |||
| Large artery atherosclerosis | 59 (38.5) | 38 (38.3) | |
| Small vessel disease | 56 (36.6) | 40 (40.4) | |
| Cardioembolism | 32 (21.1) | 17 (17.2) | 0.270 |
| Other demonstrated cause | 3 (1.9) | 1 (1.0) | |
| Undetermined cause | 3 (1.9) | 3 (2.8) | |
| NIHSS, median (IQR) | 6 (3–13) | 8 (5–16) | 0.040 |
| Stroke history, n (%) | 33 (21.6) | 22 (22.2) | 0.871 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 100 (65.4) | 60 (60.6) | 0.640 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 60 (39.2) | 42 (42.4) | 0.256 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 50 (32.6) | 31 (31.3) | 0.734 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 20 (13.1) | 15 (15.1) | 0.399 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 22 (13.6) | 17 (17.1) | 0.277 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 68 (44.4) | 40 (40.5) | 0.143 |
| Alcohol drinking, n (%) | 55 (34.1) | 40 (37.7) | 0.300 |
| Self-management, n (%) | 63 (41.1) | 63 (63.6) | <0.001 |
| Transported by ambulance, n (%) | 41 (30.7) | 33 (33.3) | 0.105 |
| ODT, min, median (IQR) | 202 (25–492) | 317 (65–790) | 0.010 |
| Decision time | 129 (55–430) | 244 (80–710) | <0.001 |
| Transportation | 73 (31–93) | 67 (33–88) | 0.316 |
| DNT, median (IQR), min, n (%) | 50 (40–75) | 65 (48–84) | 0.048 |
| ONT <4.5 h, n (%) | 53 (35.3) | 29 (29.3) | 0.032 |
| Intravenous thrombolysis, n (%) | 34 (22.2) | 15 (15.1) | 0.030 |
| Mechanical thrombectomy, n (%) | 24 (15.7) | 12 (12.1) | 0.115 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 8 (4.9) | 6 (6.1) | 0.120 |
| Discharge mRS score (0–2), n (%) | 92 (60.1) | 54 (54.5) | 0.180 |
IQR, interquartile range; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; ODT, onset-to door time; DNT, door-to-needle time; mRS, modified Ranking Scale; ONT, onset-to needle time.