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. 2021 Aug 4;12:4702. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25055-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a The linguistic complexity (LC) and Shannon’s entropy (H) scores are shown for 20 positions upstream and downstream of orphan indels that do not have another indel within 100 bases (n = 5172), and randomly sampled non-indel sites that do not have an indel within 100 bases of the site (n = 5775). The sequence complexity profile in the vicinity of the indel and non-indel sites are different. The average LC and H scores adjacent to the indel sites show a decrease in the complexity scores 7–10 bases before the indel position (indicated by 0 on the x-axis) and 15–18 bases after the indel position. The error bars represent ±1 SEM (standard error of the mean). See Fig. S3 for density distributions of LC and H scores at and around these indel and non-indel positions. b The fraction of each gene that has a complexity score below the threshold score for LC, and c the fraction of each gene that has a complexity score below the threshold score for H in essential (blue), PE-PPE (red), and the remaining genes that are neither essential nor PE-PPE (NENP, faded green). The threshold scores (H = 0.932, LC = 0.551) are the lowest H/LC scores in the indel pockets shown in Fig. 2a.