Table 2. RoB 2 [30]: A revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. This table demonstrates the risk of bias across included RCTs.

Domain 1: Randomization process

Domain 2: Deviation from intended interventions

Domain 3: Missing outcome data

Domain 4: Measurement of the outcome

Domain 5: Selection of the reported results.

Study	Domain 1	Domain 2	Domain 3	Domain 4	Domain 5	Overall risk of bias
Webster et al. [31]	High	Low	Low	Low	Low	High
Tack et al. [32]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Webster et al. [33]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Coyne et al. [34]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Jansen et al. [35]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Webster and Israel [36]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Portenoy et al. [37]	High	Low	Low	Low	Low	High
Thomas et al. [38]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Bull et al. [39]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Iyer et al. [40]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Michna et al. [41]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Rauck et al. [42]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Webster et al. [43]	High	Low	Low	Low	Low	High
Rauck et al. [44]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Yuan et al. [45]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Chamberlain et al. [46]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Lipman et al. [47]	High	Low	Low	Low	Low	High
Nalamachu et al. [48]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Yuan et al. [49]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Wild et al. [50]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Katakami et al. [51]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Katakami et al. [52]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Hale et al. [53]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Webster et al. [54]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Webster et al. [55]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Saito et al. [56]	High	Low	Low	Low	Low	High