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. 2021 Aug 4;11:15853. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95002-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The average cephalometric changes in the Surgery (A) and Extraction (B) groups. The left column indicated the average cephalometric profilogram for pre-treatment (red) and post-treatment (blue). The right column shows the results of the comparison of cephalometric variables between pre-treatment and post-treatment. * Blue bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05); *** red bars indicated significant differences (p < 0.001). SN indicates the distance between Sella and Nasion; SNA, Sella-Nasion-Point A angle; A-Ptm/PP, Point A to Ptm distance projected on the palatal plane; SNB, Sella-Nasion-Point B angle; ANB, Point A-Naion-Point B angle; SNMP, angle formed by SN and the mandibular plane; Me/PP, anterior lower face height; Ar-Me, distance between Articulare and Menton; OJ, overjet; OB, overbite; U1-SN, angle formed by upper incisors and the SN plane; L1-SN, angle formed by lower incisors and the SN plane.