Table 1.
Demographic characteristics (N = 426)
| Age at diagnosis, n (%) | |
| < 18 years old | 98 (23.0%) |
| ≥ 18 years old | 322 (75.6%) |
| NA | 6 (1.4%) |
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| |
| Gender, n (%) | |
| Male | 240 (56.3%) |
| Female | 186 (43.7%) |
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| |
| BMI, n (%) | |
| < 25 | 184 (43.2%) |
| ≥ 25 | 225 (52.8%) |
| NA | 17 (4%) |
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| |
| Race, n (%) | |
| Caucasian | 383 (89.9%) |
| African American | 16 (3.8%) |
| Asian | 19 (4.5%) |
| American Indian/ Alaska Native | 2 (0.5%) |
| Native Hawaiian or other pacific Islander | 0 (0%) |
| More than one race | 3 (0.7%) |
| Unknown or NA | 3 (0.7%) |
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| |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis, n (%) | |
| Yes | 20 (4.7%) |
| No | 406 (95.3%) |
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| |
| Smoker, n (%) | |
| Current smoker | 14 (3.3%) |
| Past smoker | 109 (25.6%) |
| Non-smoker | 300 (70.4%) |
| NA | 3 (0.7%) |
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| |
| Family history of IBD, n (%) | |
| Yes | 125 (29.3%) |
| Ulcerative colitis (UC) | 75 (60.0%) |
| Crohn’s disease (CD) | 49 (39.2%) |
| Indeterminate colitis (IC) | 2 (1.6%) |
| Possible inflammatory bowel disease | 11 (8.8%) |
| No | 284 (66.7%) |
| NA | 17 (4.0%) |
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| |
| Disease duration until surgery, n (%) | |
| < 7 years | 273 (64.1%) |
| ≥ 7 years | 145 (34.0%) |
| NA | 8 (1.9%) |
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| |
| Diagnosis before colectomy, n (%) | |
| UC | 384 (90.1%) |
| CD | 7 (1.6%) |
| IC | 34 (8.0%) |
| Others | 1 (0.2%) |
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| |
| Diagnosis after colectomy, n (%) | |
| UC | 279 (65.5%) |
| CD | 133 (31.2%) |
| IC | 10 (2.3%) |
| Others or NA | 4 (0.9%) |
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| |
| Indication for surgery, n (%) | |
| Medically refractory | 336 (78.9%) |
| Dysplasia/Colorectal Cancer | 47 (11.0%) |
| Fulminant colitis | 55 (12.9%) |
| Toxic megacolon | 9 (2.1%) |
| Others or NA | 36 (8.5%) |
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| |
| Prior Clostridioides difficile infection, n (%) | |
| Yes | 76 (17.8%) |
| No | 303 (71.1%) |
| NA | 47 (11.0%) |
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| |
| Disease extent, n (%) | |
| E1: proctitis (proximal extent to the sigmoid colon) | 4 (0.9%) |
| E2: left-sided disease (to the splenic flexure) | 46 (10.8%) |
| E3: extensive disease (beyond the splenic flexure) | 305 (71.6%) |
| NA | 71 (16.7%) |
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| Surgical procedure | |
| 3-stage ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), n (%) | |
| Yes | 224 (52.6%) |
| No | 159 (37.3%) |
| NA | 43 (10.1%) |
| Anastomosis, n (%) | |
| Staple | 246 (57.7%) |
| Hand-sewn | 91 (21.4%) |
| NA | 89 (20.9%) |
| Postoperative complications, n (%) | |
| Yes | 209 (49.1%) |
| Anastomosis leak | 22 (10.5%) |
| Pelvic sepsis | 6 (2.9%) |
| Abdominal abscess requiring drainage | 49 (23.4%) |
| Fistulas or sinus tracts developed before ileostomy takedown | 17 (8.1%) |
| No | 156 (36.6%) |
| NA | 61 (14.3%) |
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| |
| Preoperative steroid use, n (%) | |
| Yes | 361 (84.7%) |
| No | 34 (8.0%) |
| NA | 31 (7.3%) |
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| |
| Preoperative anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) drugs, n (%) | |
| Yes | 188 (44.1%) |
| No | 207 (48.6%) |
| NA | 31 (7.3%) |
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| |
| Preoperative immunomodulators, n (%) | |
| Yes | 231 (54.2%) |
| No | 164 (38.5%) |
| NA | 31 (7.3%) |
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| |
| Postoperative metronidazole or ciprofloxacin use, n (%) | |
| Yes | 341 (80.0%) |
| No | 78 (18.3%) |
| NA | 7 (1.6%) |
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| |
| Postoperative steroid use, n (%) | |
| Yes | 114 (26.8%) |
| No | 305 (71.6%) |
| NA | 7 (1.6%) |
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| |
| Postoperative anti-TNFα drugs, n (%) | |
| Yes | 123 (28.9%) |
| No | 296 (69.5%) |
| NA | 7 (1.6%) |
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| |
| Postoperative immunomodulators, n (%) | |
| Yes | 95 (22.3%) |
| No | 324 (76.1%) |
| NA | 7 (1.6%) |
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| |
| Pouch excision, n (%) | |
| Yes | 48 (11.3%) |
| No | 378 (88.7%) |
BMI, body mass index; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; CDI, Clostridioides difficile infection;
IPAA, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis; TNF, tumor necrosis factor