Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Jul 22;8:713170. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.713170

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2021 Liu, Wu, Xu, Saaoud, Vasilopoulos, Shao, Zhang, Wang, Shen, Yang, Lu, Sun, Drummer, Liu, Li, Hu, Yu, Praticò, Sun, Jiang, Wang and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Enrichment analysis results show that several pathways of downregulated OCRGs were involved in acute inflammations (AIs), metabolic diseases (MDs), autoimmune diseases (ADs), and organ failures (OFs). Gene Ontology-based enrichment of significant downregulated OCRGs in different types of diseases was analyzed by using Metascape software (http://metascape.org/gp/index.html#/main/step1; PMID: 30944313). (A) In the 20 significant GO enrichment results of 58 downregulated OCRGs in acute inflammations (AIs), the top 3 of downregulated OCRGs are enriched in mitochondrion organization, autophagy, and mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial calcium ion homeostasis is downregulated in acute inflammation diseases. (B) There are 13 significant GO enrichment results in 34 downregulated OCRGs in metabolic disease (MDs). Mitochondrial fission, autophagy, and Golgi vesicle transport are the top 3 downregulated signaling that enriched downregulated OCRGs. Additionally, lipid transport is suppressed. (C) In the 20 significant GO enrichment results of 67 downregulated OCRGs in autoimmune diseases (ADs), regulation of mitochondrion organization, organelle fusion, and autophagy are the top 3 downregulated enrichment signaling. Cytosolic calcium ion transport is suppressed, while calcium ion transmembrane transport is active in ADs (Figure 5). That is, calcium transporting between membrane-bounded organelles is active. (D) The 20 significant GO enrichment results of 99 downregulated OCRGs in organ failures (OFs). Top 3 GO enrichments of OCRGs are mitochondrial fission, vesicle organization, and protein localization. Reactive oxygen species metabolic process and metabolism of lipids were suppressed in organ failure diseases. (E) There are shared and exclusive pathways in four types of diseases in downregulated OCRGs. Venn diagram shows 13 significant pathways shared by acute inflammations (AIs), metabolic diseases (MDs), autoimmune diseases (ADs), and organ failures (OFs). Mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process and mitochondrion organization pathways are downregulated in AIs and ADs. Autophagy signaling is decreased in AIs, MDs, and ADs. Mitochondrial fusion pathway is shared by AIs and OFs. Response to nutrient levels is downregulated in AIs, ADs, and OFs. Four pathways regulated exocytosis, lysosomal transport, vesicle organization, and organelle fusion and are downregulated in ADs and OFs. Response to light stimulus and Golgi vesicle transport are downregulated in MDs and OFs. Downregulation of R-HSA-9609507:Protein localization and mitochondrial fission are shared by AIs, MDs, and OFs. (F) The exclusive downregulated pathways in AIs, MDs, ADs, and OFs are 13, eight, 12 and 10, respectively.