Table 2.
Incidence of liver cancer attributable to HBV and HCV
| Country | HBV |
HCV |
HCV/HBV cancer ratio# | HCV + HBV AF, %* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | ASR | n | ASR | |||
| Mongolia | 986 | 41.2 | 1,040 | 43.5 | 1.055 | 90.4 |
| Egypt | 1,651 | 2.1 | 21,284 | 27.0 | 12.892 | 90.3 |
| Pakistan | 1,170 | 0.8 | 2,440 | 1.7 | 2.086 | 82.4 |
| Myanmar | 2,822 | 5.4 | 1,517 | 2.9 | 0.538 | 81.8 |
| China | 297,401 | 13.9 | 20,036 | 0.9 | 0.067 | 80.8 |
| Tunisia | 69 | 0.5 | 215 | 1.6 | 3.119 | 79.9 |
| Algeria | 120 | 0.3 | 320 | 0.8 | 2.667 | 78.1 |
| Morocco | 91 | 0.2 | 243 | 0.6 | 2.667 | 78.1 |
| Japan | 6,787 | 1.5 | 20,859 | 4.5 | 3.073 | 77.8 |
| South Korea | 10,418 | 10.9 | 2,377 | 2.5 | 0.228 | 77.5 |
| Tajikistan | 106 | 1.8 | 104 | 1.8 | 0.985 | 77.2 |
| Polynesia | 19 | 5.3 | 7 | 2.0 | 0.373 | 77.0 |
| Turkey | 2,316 | 2.4 | 1,043 | 1.1 | 0.450 | 77.0 |
| The Solomon Islands | 23 | 5.8 | 9 | 2.1 | 0.371 | 76.9 |
| Timor-Leste | 21 | 3.0 | 8 | 1.1 | 0.361 | 76.9 |
| North Korea | 3,231 | 9.3 | 1,161 | 3.3 | 0.359 | 76.8 |
| Guam | 18 | 8.5 | 6 | 2.9 | 0.345 | 76.8 |
| Cambodia | 1,431 | 12.3 | 522 | 4.5 | 0.365 | 76.7 |
| Papua New Guinea | 411 | 6.7 | 151 | 2.5 | 0.367 | 76.7 |
| Samoa | 9 | 5.5 | 3 | 2.0 | 0.355 | 76.7 |
| Brunei | 21 | 5.5 | 8 | 2.1 | 0.375 | 76.7 |
| Fiji | 43 | 4.7 | 16 | 1.7 | 0.362 | 76.7 |
| Laos | 584 | 12.6 | 209 | 4.5 | 0.358 | 76.6 |
| New Caledonia | 21 | 5.8 | 8 | 2.1 | 0.365 | 76.6 |
| Mexico | 1,300 | 1.0 | 4,265 | 3.2 | 3.279 | 76.6 |
| Libya | 41 | 0.9 | 105 | 2.3 | 2.563 | 76.6 |
| The Philippines | 5,459 | 6.5 | 1,906 | 2.3 | 0.349 | 76.5 |
| South Sudan | 87 | 1.1 | 216 | 2.8 | 2.477 | 76.5 |
| Somalia | 81 | 1.1 | 113 | 1.5 | 1.391 | 76.5 |
| Vanuatu | 16 | 7.3 | 6 | 2.7 | 0.377 | 76.4 |
| Lebanon | 113 | 1.6 | 60 | 0.8 | 0.531 | 76.1 |
| The Syrian Arab Republic | 162 | 1.3 | 125 | 1.0 | 0.770 | 75.6 |
| Uzbekistan | 642 | 2.5 | 455 | 1.8 | 0.710 | 75.4 |
| Vietnam | 17,658 | 16.2 | 1,393 | 1.3 | 0.079 | 75.2 |
| Sri Lanka | 334 | 1.2 | 243 | 0.9 | 0.729 | 75.2 |
| Georgia | 162 | 2.3 | 123 | 1.7 | 0.759 | 75.1 |
| Senegal | 489 | 5.7 | 318 | 3.7 | 0.651 | 75.1 |
| Kazakhstan | 480 | 2.4 | 362 | 1.8 | 0.755 | 75.1 |
| Bahrain | 13 | 1.5 | 10 | 1.1 | 0.730 | 75.1 |
| Qatar | 18 | 1.8 | 13 | 1.3 | 0.747 | 75.1 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 199 | 4.1 | 143 | 3.0 | 0.720 | 75.0 |
| Cyprus | 32 | 1.4 | 25 | 1.1 | 0.773 | 75.0 |
| Bhutan | 15 | 2.3 | 11 | 1.6 | 0.708 | 75.0 |
| Israel | 144 | 1.1 | 108 | 0.8 | 0.744 | 75.0 |
| Azerbaijan | 169 | 1.6 | 119 | 1.1 | 0.705 | 75.0 |
| Nepal | 120 | 0.5 | 91 | 0.4 | 0.756 | 75.0 |
| Oman | 50 | 1.9 | 37 | 1.4 | 0.738 | 74.9 |
| Bangladesh | 1,342 | 0.9 | 1,001 | 0.7 | 0.746 | 74.9 |
| Gaza Strip and West Bank | 20 | 0.8 | 15 | 0.6 | 0.726 | 74.9 |
| Kuwait | 52 | 2.2 | 39 | 1.7 | 0.752 | 74.8 |
| Maldives | 12 | 3.7 | 8 | 2.5 | 0.694 | 74.7 |
| Armenia | 206 | 4.2 | 147 | 3.0 | 0.715 | 74.6 |
| Afghanistan | 278 | 1.7 | 201 | 1.2 | 0.723 | 74.6 |
| The United Arab Emirates | 43 | 1.8 | 30 | 1.3 | 0.699 | 74.6 |
| Turkmenistan | 122 | 2.6 | 88 | 1.9 | 0.721 | 74.5 |
| Jordan | 82 | 1.3 | 58 | 1.0 | 0.713 | 74.5 |
| Iraq | 234 | 1.2 | 166 | 0.8 | 0.710 | 74.2 |
| Niger | 412 | 3.9 | 160 | 1.5 | 0.388 | 73.7 |
| Yemen | 265 | 1.9 | 190 | 1.3 | 0.715 | 73.4 |
| Thailand | 14,211 | 12.8 | 2,702 | 2.4 | 0.190 | 72.6 |
| Indonesia | 8,588 | 3.5 | 4,802 | 2.0 | 0.559 | 72.5 |
| India | 13,614 | 1.1 | 6,392 | 0.5 | 0.470 | 72.3 |
| Saudi Arabia | 376 | 1.9 | 278 | 1.4 | 0.738 | 72.3 |
| COte d'Ivoire | 516 | 3.9 | 290 | 2.2 | 0.563 | 71.9 |
| Cameroon | 435 | 2.8 | 251 | 1.6 | 0.577 | 71.9 |
| Burundi | 186 | 2.9 | 100 | 1.6 | 0.539 | 71.7 |
| Congo-Kinshasa | 1,669 | 3.7 | 918 | 2.0 | 0.550 | 71.6 |
| Cabo Verde | 21 | 5.0 | 11 | 2.7 | 0.531 | 71.5 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 58 | 5.5 | 32 | 3.0 | 0.551 | 71.5 |
| Mali | 285 | 3.0 | 142 | 1.5 | 0.500 | 71.4 |
| Angola | 269 | 1.7 | 146 | 0.9 | 0.542 | 71.4 |
| Guinea | 731 | 10.1 | 397 | 5.5 | 0.543 | 71.3 |
| Lesotho | 31 | 2.0 | 17 | 1.1 | 0.543 | 71.3 |
| Liberia | 191 | 7.0 | 103 | 3.8 | 0.540 | 71.3 |
| Sierra Leone | 187 | 4.6 | 102 | 2.5 | 0.547 | 71.3 |
| Uganda | 831 | 3.5 | 460 | 1.9 | 0.553 | 71.3 |
| Congo-Brazzaville | 96 | 2.7 | 52 | 1.5 | 0.540 | 71.3 |
| Djibouti | 9 | 1.2 | 5 | 0.7 | 0.550 | 71.3 |
| Namibia | 22 | 1.3 | 12 | 0.7 | 0.547 | 71.3 |
| Ghana | 1,264 | 7.1 | 697 | 3.9 | 0.551 | 71.2 |
| Mauritius | 30 | 1.5 | 15 | 0.8 | 0.518 | 71.2 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 20 | 2.2 | 11 | 1.2 | 0.534 | 71.2 |
| Kenya | 625 | 2.5 | 334 | 1.3 | 0.534 | 71.2 |
| Tanzania | 710 | 2.3 | 384 | 1.2 | 0.541 | 71.2 |
| Eritrea | 43 | 1.5 | 23 | 0.8 | 0.525 | 71.2 |
| Burkina Faso | 600 | 6.4 | 323 | 3.4 | 0.538 | 71.2 |
| Rwanda | 338 | 4.6 | 187 | 2.6 | 0.555 | 71.2 |
| Madagascar | 409 | 2.6 | 230 | 1.5 | 0.563 | 71.1 |
| The Central African Republic | 69 | 2.4 | 37 | 1.3 | 0.539 | 71.1 |
| Zambia | 90 | 1.0 | 48 | 0.5 | 0.536 | 71.1 |
| Mauritania | 146 | 5.1 | 82 | 2.9 | 0.560 | 71.0 |
| Comoros | 14 | 2.7 | 7 | 1.4 | 0.511 | 71.0 |
| Botswana | 29 | 1.8 | 15 | 1.0 | 0.540 | 71.0 |
| Chad | 187 | 2.5 | 101 | 1.4 | 0.540 | 71.0 |
| Benin | 136 | 2.3 | 76 | 1.3 | 0.557 | 71.0 |
| Malawi | 134 | 1.0 | 73 | 0.5 | 0.545 | 70.9 |
| Réunion | 39 | 2.8 | 21 | 1.5 | 0.529 | 70.8 |
| Togo | 146 | 3.2 | 75 | 1.7 | 0.514 | 70.7 |
| Brazil | 2,555 | 1.0 | 6,232 | 2.4 | 2.439 | 70.5 |
| Singapore | 885 | 7.9 | 85 | 0.8 | 0.097 | 70.4 |
| Gabon | 24 | 1.5 | 14 | 0.9 | 0.586 | 69.8 |
| Malaysia | 1,207 | 3.9 | 146 | 0.5 | 0.121 | 69.6 |
| Nigeria | 2,913 | 2.9 | 657 | 0.7 | 0.225 | 69.6 |
| The Gambia | 161 | 12.1 | 60 | 4.5 | 0.370 | 69.3 |
| The USA | 2,694 | 0.5 | 23,566 | 4.2 | 8.746 | 69.2 |
| Australia | 173 | 0.4 | 1,514 | 3.5 | 8.746 | 69.2 |
| Zimbabwe | 267 | 3.2 | 130 | 1.6 | 0.486 | 68.8 |
| Italy | 2,120 | 1.4 | 6,261 | 4.0 | 2.953 | 68.0 |
| South Africa | 1,265 | 2.5 | 424 | 0.9 | 0.335 | 67.7 |
| Ethiopia | 587 | 1.0 | 500 | 0.8 | 0.852 | 67.6 |
| Portugal | 222 | 0.9 | 692 | 2.7 | 3.119 | 65.9 |
| Mozambique | 666 | 3.7 | 121 | 0.7 | 0.182 | 65.6 |
| Iran | 1,770 | 2.4 | 496 | 0.7 | 0.280 | 64.9 |
| Germany | 1,617 | 0.8 | 3,997 | 1.9 | 2.473 | 63.2 |
| Spain | 1,054 | 1.0 | 3,103 | 3.0 | 2.943 | 62.7 |
| Guatemala | 434 | 3.6 | 668 | 5.6 | 1.539 | 61.7 |
| Haiti | 161 | 2.0 | 247 | 3.0 | 1.531 | 61.5 |
| Guyana | 5 | 0.7 | 7 | 1.0 | 1.531 | 61.5 |
| The Dominican Republic | 174 | 1.6 | 266 | 2.4 | 1.527 | 61.4 |
| Barbados | 3 | 0.6 | 5 | 0.9 | 1.527 | 61.4 |
| Cuba | 208 | 0.9 | 306 | 1.4 | 1.466 | 61.4 |
| Costa Rica | 105 | 1.5 | 157 | 2.3 | 1.492 | 61.3 |
| Jamaica | 27 | 0.7 | 38 | 1.0 | 1.442 | 61.3 |
| Puerto Rico | 87 | 1.3 | 128 | 1.9 | 1.482 | 61.3 |
| Panama | 62 | 1.2 | 91 | 1.8 | 1.472 | 61.3 |
| Paraguay | 45 | 0.7 | 66 | 1.0 | 1.472 | 61.3 |
| Nicaragua | 139 | 2.6 | 207 | 3.8 | 1.488 | 61.2 |
| El Salvador | 126 | 1.6 | 189 | 2.5 | 1.498 | 61.2 |
| Suriname | 8 | 1.4 | 13 | 2.1 | 1.519 | 61.2 |
| Honduras | 99 | 1.4 | 148 | 2.1 | 1.498 | 61.2 |
| Venezuela | 293 | 0.9 | 437 | 1.3 | 1.488 | 61.2 |
| Moldova | 182 | 3.0 | 338 | 5.5 | 1.855 | 61.1 |
| Bolivia | 167 | 1.5 | 247 | 2.2 | 1.484 | 61.1 |
| The Bahamas | 3 | 0.6 | 5 | 0.9 | 1.546 | 61.1 |
| Martinique | 10 | 1.0 | 14 | 1.5 | 1.480 | 61.0 |
| Bulgaria | 119 | 0.8 | 222 | 1.4 | 1.864 | 61.0 |
| Ecuador | 243 | 1.3 | 354 | 1.9 | 1.460 | 61.0 |
| Belarus | 117 | 0.7 | 222 | 1.3 | 1.905 | 61.0 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 16 | 0.8 | 24 | 1.2 | 1.531 | 61.0 |
| Colombia | 549 | 0.9 | 841 | 1.4 | 1.531 | 61.0 |
| French Guiana | 5 | 2.1 | 8 | 3.1 | 1.466 | 60.9 |
| Belize | 5 | 2.1 | 7 | 3.0 | 1.466 | 60.9 |
| The Netherlands | 212 | 0.5 | 396 | 1.0 | 1.868 | 60.8 |
| Uruguay | 40 | 0.7 | 56 | 0.9 | 1.413 | 60.8 |
| Ukraine | 382 | 0.5 | 704 | 0.9 | 1.841 | 60.8 |
| Croatia | 134 | 1.3 | 254 | 2.5 | 1.890 | 60.7 |
| Malta | 5 | 0.5 | 9 | 0.9 | 1.918 | 60.7 |
| Czechia | 222 | 0.9 | 422 | 1.7 | 1.900 | 60.6 |
| Guadeloupe | 8 | 0.9 | 12 | 1.3 | 1.463 | 60.6 |
| Montenegro | 11 | 0.8 | 21 | 1.5 | 1.872 | 60.6 |
| Luxembourg | 15 | 1.4 | 27 | 2.5 | 1.788 | 60.5 |
| Poland | 550 | 0.7 | 1,004 | 1.3 | 1.827 | 60.5 |
| Albania | 93 | 1.7 | 170 | 3.0 | 1.822 | 60.4 |
| Serbia | 162 | 0.9 | 303 | 1.7 | 1.871 | 60.3 |
| Slovenia | 62 | 1.2 | 114 | 2.3 | 1.853 | 60.2 |
| North Macedonia | 40 | 1.1 | 72 | 1.9 | 1.800 | 60.2 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 116 | 1.6 | 215 | 2.9 | 1.848 | 60.1 |
| Slovakia | 112 | 1.1 | 196 | 1.9 | 1.757 | 60.1 |
| New Zealand | 239 | 2.9 | 51 | 0.6 | 0.213 | 59.9 |
| Hungary | 233 | 1.2 | 418 | 2.1 | 1.799 | 59.9 |
| Switzerland | 203 | 1.0 | 363 | 1.8 | 1.786 | 59.9 |
| Romania | 759 | 1.8 | 1,301 | 3.2 | 1.714 | 59.7 |
| Sudan | 336 | 1.4 | 223 | 0.9 | 0.664 | 59.4 |
| Belgium | 230 | 1.0 | 358 | 1.5 | 1.555 | 58.5 |
| Greece | 609 | 2.1 | 348 | 1.2 | 0.571 | 58.3 |
| Chile | 304 | 1.0 | 614 | 2.1 | 2.021 | 58.0 |
| Argentina | 497 | 0.8 | 820 | 1.3 | 1.651 | 56.2 |
| France | 1,923 | 1.4 | 4,037 | 3.0 | 2.099 | 56.1 |
| Austria | 205 | 1.0 | 392 | 1.9 | 1.913 | 53.3 |
| Peru | 908 | 2.6 | 171 | 0.5 | 0.189 | 46.6 |
| The Russian Federation | 2,887 | 1.1 | 1,852 | 0.7 | 0.642 | 45.8 |
| The UK | 655 | 0.4 | 2,247 | 1.5 | 3.430 | 38.1 |
| Estonia | 7 | 0.2 | 28 | 0.9 | 3.831 | 34.3 |
| Ireland | 25 | 0.3 | 99 | 1.2 | 3.942 | 34.1 |
| Norway | 24 | 0.2 | 89 | 0.9 | 3.761 | 33.8 |
| Finland | 38 | 0.2 | 147 | 1.0 | 3.870 | 33.6 |
| Iceland | 1 | 0.2 | 4 | 0.7 | 3.870 | 33.6 |
| Lithuania | 17 | 0.3 | 64 | 1.0 | 3.662 | 33.1 |
| Denmark | 43 | 0.3 | 158 | 1.3 | 3.648 | 33.0 |
| Latvia | 10 | 0.2 | 40 | 0.8 | 3.853 | 33.0 |
| Canada | 420 | 0.6 | 789 | 1.1 | 1.880 | 31.1 |
| Sweden | 48 | 0.2 | 141 | 0.7 | 2.959 | 19.4 |
HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; n, number of cases; ASR, age-standardized rate; AF, attributable fraction.
#
Ratio of HCV- and HBV-related liver cancer incidence (ASR).
*
Total attributable faction of liver cancer caused by HBV and HCV.