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. 2021 Jul 22;8:701243. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.701243

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Copyright © 2021 Gerçek and Rudolph.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pathophysiologic Subdivision of Tricuspid Regurgitation. Primary tricuspid regurgitation is caused by abnormalities/damage on the tricuspid valve apparatus (A) (e.g., prolapse of the leaflet or endocarditis). Left heart related tricuspid regurgitation and precapillary pulmonary tricuspid regurgitation (B) are caused by dilation of the right ventricle, papillary muscle displacement and tethering of the tricuspid valve leaflets with malcoaptation. In isolated tricuspid regurgitation (C) the tricuspid annulus is pronouncedly dilated due to dilation of the right atrium in the presence of atrial fibrillation or diastolic dysfunction.