Table 4.
The list of most suitable aromatic/surfactants/amphiphilic compounds/polymers for functionalization of CNTs through noncovalent π-π and electrostatic interactions reported in the literature.
| Surface functional molecule for noncovalent functionalization | Carbon nanomaterial | Interaction | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Porphyrin | SWCNTs | Porphyrin functionalized onto SWCNT by π-π interactions | [162] |
| Hydroxyferriproto- porphyrin (hematin) | SWCNTs | π-π interactions | [163] |
| PBSE | MW and SW CNTs | π-π interactions | [158,[164], [165], [166], [167], [168], [169]] |
| Adamantane-pyrene, biotin-pyrene and nitrilotrilotriacetic acid (NTA) pyrene | SWCNTs | π-π interactions | [170] |
| [bis(2-anthraquinonyl)-aminomethyl]pyrene and 1-(2-Anthraquinonylamino-methyl)pyrene | MWCNTs | π-π interactions | [169] |
| Ferrocene | SWCNTs | π-π interactions | [[171], [172], [173]] |
| Anthracene | SWCNTs | π-π interactions | [174] |
| Thionine | MWCNTs | π-π interactions | [175,176] |
| Naphthalen-1-methyl-phosphonic acid | SWCNTs | π-π interactions | [177] |
| Polymers | |||
| Polyethyleneimine | MWCNTs | electrostatic | [178] |
| Polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (PDDA) | SWCNTs | electrostatic | [179] |
| Polysaccharides - amylase (with only -OH groups), sodium alginate (with -OH, -COOH groups) and chitosan (with -OH, −-NH2 groups) | SWCNTs | electrostatic | [180] |
| Synthetic glycolipids- pyrene–polyethylene–lactose, glycolipid | SWCNTs | electrostatic | [168,181] |
| Synthetic glycopolymers, glycodendrimers | SWCNTs | electrostatic | [181,182] |
| Porphyrin-based glycoconjugates | SWCNTs | electrostatic | [183] |
| Polyfluorene (PFO) and their derivatives | [182] | ||
| Polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PANI) |
[182,184] | ||
| Polymers with pyrene block | SWCNTs | electrostatic | [182] |